Christian Health Association of Ghana, original RealCycler CHAG

Compare ELISA lab reagents for research

Megan Uncategorized December 29, 2022 0 Comment

Suppliers for Lab polyclonals

NFkB p105/p50
MBS8534727-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1mL
NFkB p105/p50
MBS8534727-01mLAF405L	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF405L)
NFkB p105/p50
MBS8534727-01mLAF405S	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF405S)
NFkB p105/p50
MBS8534727-01mLAF610	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF610)
NFkB p105/p50
MBS8534727-01mLAF635	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF635)
NFkB p105/p50
MBS8533691-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1mL
NFkB p105/p50
MBS8533691-01mLAF405L	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF405L)

Rat Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A11128	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Goat Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A46041	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Mouse Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A19869	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Human Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A2368	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Sheep Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A98335	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Monkey Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A72187	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Canine Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A63475	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Rabbit Cholesterol ELISA ELISA
E01A28609	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR

Our used antibodies in Pubmed.

Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)
T37794-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)
T37794-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)
T37794-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)
T37794-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)
T37794-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price

ADNc, tissus histologiques , Pcr, kits ELISA, anticorps

Development during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of coronavirus testing and functional labs

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This study analyzes the money supply reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional panel of 115 countries. The study used robust least square regression and innovation accounting techniques to get sound parameter estimates.

The results show that COVID-19 infected cases are the main contributing factor that obstructs financial activities and decrease money supply. In contrast, an increasing number of recovered cases and COVID-19 testing capabilities gave investors confidence to increase stock trade across countries. The overall forecast trend shows that COVID-19 infected cases and recovered cases followed the U-shaped trend, while COVID-19 critical cases and reported deaths showed a decreasing trend.

Finally, the money supply and testing capacity show a positive trend over a period. The study concludes that financial development can be expanded by increasing the testing capacity of Gentaur Cellulose Stoppers and functional labs to identify suspected coronavirus cases globally.

Recovering metal(loids) and rare earth elements from closed landfill sites without excavation: Leachate recirculation opportunities and challenges

Metal (loids) and Rare Earth Elements (REE) (‘metals’) are used in a wide range of products, and therefore, the improvement of expectations for everyday comforts with demand continues to grow. Metal-bearing wastes are a secondary source of raw material that can meet this demand by providing a previously unconsidered low impact supply source. Total annual leachate production is 1,056,716 m³. Therefore, landfill leachate emerges as a significant potential resource as it contains high concentrations of metals. However, realising a profitable return on investment for leachate processing is a challenge due to relatively low recovery rates of approximately 0.02% of total heavy metals in a landfill being leached out in 30 years.

More Details

Variation within the multi-element value and the effect of other chemicals in these complex mixtures. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms and potential applicability of extraction methods for optimising metals recovery from leachate. This paper addresses this need by providing a systematic review of the critical factors and environmental conditions that influence the behaviour of metals within the landfilled waste.

The paper provides a synthesis of how the factors and conditions may affect leachate recirculation efficiency for recovery in the context of a range of opportunities and challenges facing circular economy practitioners. To approach feasibility metal recovery economically from landfill leachate without energy-intensive and environmentally destructive, future research actions need to be initiated in lab-based and later on semi-pilot to pilot studies, which the review can help achieve the challenges.

Amino acid pattern of rumen microorganisms in cattle fed mixed diets-An update

Rumen microorganisms turn small N-containing compounds into amino acids (AA) and contribute considerably to the supply of AA absorbed from the small intestine. Previous studies summarized the literature on microbial AA patterns, most recently in 2017 (Sok et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 100, 5241-5249). The present study intended to identify the microbial AA pattern typical when feeding Central European diets and a maximum proportion of concentrate (PCO; dry matter (DM) basis) of 0.60.

Data sets were created from the literature for liquid (LAB)- and particle (PAB)-associated bacteria, total bacteria and protozoa, including 16, 9, 27 and 8 studies and 36, 21, 60 and 18 diets respectively. Because the only differences detected between LAB and PAB were slightly higher Phe and lower Thr percentages in PAB (p < 0.05), results for bacteria were pooled. A further data set evaluated AA-N (AAN) as a proportion of total N in microbial fractions and a final data set estimated protozoal contributions to total microbial N (TMN) flow to the duodenum, which were used to calculate weighted TMN AA patterns.

Protozoa showed higher Lys, Asp, Glu, Ile and Phe and lower Ala, Arg, Gly, Met, Ser, Thr and Val proportions than bacteria (p < 0.05). The AAN percentage of total N in bacteria and protozoa showed large, unexplained variations, averaging 79.0% and 70.6% (p > 0.05) respectively.

Estimation of protozoal contribution to TMN resulted in a cattle-specific mixed model including PCO and DM intake (DMI) per unit of metabolic body size (kg^0.75 ) as fixed effects (RMSE = 3.77). With moderate PCO and DMI between 80 and 180 g/kg^0.75 , which corresponds to a DMI of approximately 10 to 25 kg in a cow with 650 kg body weight, protozoal contribution ranged between 9% and 26% of TMN. Within this range, the estimated protozoal contribution to TMN resulted in minor effects on the total microbial AA pattern.

Sustainable phosphorus management in soil using bone apatite

Soil fertility and phosphorus management by bone apatite amendment are receiving increasing attention, yet further research is needed to integrate the physicochemical and mineralogical transformation of bone apatite and their impact on the supply and storage of phosphorus in soil. This study has examined bone transformation in the field over a span of 10-years using a set of synchrotron-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) observations reveal the in-situ deterioration of bone osteocyte-canaliculi system and sub-micron microbial tunneling within a year. Extensive organic decomposition, secondary mineral formation and re-mineralization of apatite are evident from the 3rd year.

The relative ratio of (v₁ + v₃) PO₄^3- to v₃ CO₃^2- and to amide I increase, and the v_3c PO₄^3- peak exhibits a blue-shift in less than 3 years. The carbonate substitution of bone hydroxyapatite (HAp) to AB-type CHAp, and phosphate crystallographic rearrangement become apparent after 10 years’ aging. The overall CO₃^2- peak absorbance increases over time, contributing to a higher acid susceptibility in the aged bone.

The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) binding energies for Ca (2p), P (2p) and O (1s) exhibit a red-shift after 1 year because of organo-mineral interplay and a blue-shift starting from the 3rd year as a result of the de-coupling of mineral and organic components. Nutrient supply to soil occurs within months via organo-mineral decoupling and demineralization.

More phosphorus has been released from the bones and enriched in the associated and adjacent soils over time. Lab incubation studies reveal prominent secondary mineral formation via re-precipitation at a pH similar to that in soil, which are highly amorphous and carbonate substituted and prone to further dissolution in an acidic environment. Our high-resolution observations reveal a stage-dependent microbial decomposition, phosphorus dissolution and immobilization via secondary mineral formation over time. The active cycling of phosphorus within the bone and its interplay with adjacent soil account for a sustainable supply and storage of phosphorus nutrients.

Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter as disinfection byproduct precursors by UV/fluorescence and ESI FT-ICR MS after smoldering combustion of leaf needles and woody trunks of pine (Pinus jeffreyi)

Forested land plays an essential role in water supply across the United States (US). Smoldering commonly existing in wildfires contributes significantly to biomass consumption and gas emission, but its influence on source water quality has been rarely studied. Here, we investigated the impact of smoldering temperature (i.e., no burn, 250, 400, and 600 °C) on the nutrients, elements, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) of water extracts from the residues of the leaf needles and woody trunks of pine (Pinus jeffreyi) under the lab-simulated smoldering fire. Results showed the increase of pH and the yields of the dominated exchangeable cations of K⁺ and Mg²⁺, P, PO₄^3--P, and SO₄^2- with increasing temperature increasing from 250 to 600 °C, whereas significant decreases in the fraction of dissolved organic C in residue C with increasing temperature and the yields of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) after burnings.

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) presented consistent results with UV/fluorescence, suggesting that the unburned materials contained more biodegradable tyrosine/tryptophan/soluble microbial byproduct-like compounds with high molecular weight (MW), whereas the 600 °C-smoldering materials composed of more aromatic, humified, fulvic/humic acid-like, and oxidized compounds with a potentially high density of C=C bonds had less reactivity in forming trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs). Our study indicates the smoldering-dominated prescribed fire as a potential forest management strategy for reducing biomass fuel and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) precursors in source water from forested lands.

Turnover Stoppers 6.5mm - PK10
STO6300	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	16.14 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 8mm - PK10
STO6302	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	14.38 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 9.5mm - PK10
STO6304	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	17.58 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 12.5mm - PK10
STO6308	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	16.14 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 17.5mm - PK10
STO6314	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	23.97 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 20.5mm - PK10
STO6318	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	33.64 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 25.5mm - PK10
STO6324	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	46.41 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 11mm - PK10
STO6306	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	17.58 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 14mm - PK10
STO6310	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	16.14 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 16mm - PK10
STO6312	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	19.18 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 19mm - PK10
STO6316	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	27.91 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 22mm - PK10
STO6320	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	43.18 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 24mm - PK10
STO6322	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	44.8 EUR
Stoppers B12/21 PE STOPPER RED INSERT - PK10
TRF592	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	27 EUR
Stoppers B19/26 PE STOPPER RED INSERT - PK10
TRF595	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	31.05 EUR
Lock Stoppers Butyrometer GERBAL F - PK10
BUT1010	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	103.95 EUR
Cellulose
07748-75	NACALAI TESQUE	500G	18.2 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #1500
11674-92	NACALAI TESQUE	25G	42 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #4000
11675-82	NACALAI TESQUE	25G	42 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #1500
22223-52	NACALAI TESQUE	25G	16.45 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #1500
22223-65	NACALAI TESQUE	500G	44.8 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #4000
22224-42	NACALAI TESQUE	25G	17.5 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #4000
22224-55	NACALAI TESQUE	500G	46.9 EUR
α-Cellulose
07741-45	NACALAI TESQUE	500G	54.6 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #400
11673-02	NACALAI TESQUE	25G	42 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #100
22221-72	NACALAI TESQUE	25G	19.25 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #100
22221-85	NACALAI TESQUE	500G	91 EUR
Methyl Cellulose #400
22222-62	NACALAI TESQUE	25G	14 EUR

A powerful next-generation solution to tackle hepatocellular carcinoma

Meanwhile, current therapeutic modalities such as liver resection and transplantation are only effective for resolving early-stage HCC. Hence, alternative approaches are required to improve detection and enhance the efficacy of current treatment options. Nanotheranostic platforms, which utilize biocompatible nanoparticles to perform both diagnostics and targeted delivery, has been considered a potential approach for cancer management in the past few decades.

Advancement of nanomaterials and biomedical engineering techniques has led to rapid expansion of the nanotheranostics field, allowing for more sensitive and specific diagnosis, real-time monitoring of drug delivery, and enhanced treatment efficacies across various malignancies. The focus of this review is on the applications of nanotheranostics for HCC.

The review first explores the current epidemiology and the commonly encountered obstacles in HCC diagnosis and treatment. It then presents the current technological and functional advancements in nanotheranostic technology for cancer in general, and then specifically explores the use of nanotheranostic modalities as a promising option to address the key challenges present in HCC management. More Details

Immune Checkpoint LAG3 and Its Ligand FGL1 in Cancer

LAG3 is the most promising immune checkpoint next to PD-1 and CTLA-4. High LAG3 and FGL1 expression boosts tumor growth by inhibiting the immune microenvironment. This review comprises four sections presenting the structure/expression, interaction, biological effects, and clinical application of LAG3/FGL1. D1 and D2 of LAG3 and FD of FGL1 are the LAG3-FGL1 interaction domains. LAG3 accumulates on the surface of lymphocytes in various tumors, but is also found in the cytoplasm in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. FGL1 is found in the cytoplasm in NSCLC cells and on the surface of breast cancer cells.

The LAG3-FGL1 interaction mechanism remains unclear, and the intracellular signals require elucidation. LAG3/FGL1 activity is associated with immune cell infiltration, proliferation, and secretion. Cytokine production is enhanced when LAG3/FGL1 are co-expressed with PD-1. IMP321 and relatlimab are promising monoclonal antibodies targeting LAG3 in melanoma. The clinical use of anti-FGL1 antibodies has not been reported. Finally, high FGL1 and LAG3 expression induces EGFR-TKI and gefitinib resistance, and anti-PD-1 therapy resistance, respectively. We present a comprehensive overview of the role of LAG3/FGL1 in cancer, suggesting novel anti-tumor therapy strategies.

Futility in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Search for Clarity

Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has revolutionised the landscape of treatment for aortic stenosis, there exists a cohort of patients where TAVI is deemed futile. Among the pivotal high-risk trials, one-third to half of patients either died or received no symptomatic benefit from the procedure at 1 year. Futility of TAVI results in the unnecessary exposure of risk for patients and inefficient resource utilisation for healthcare services. Several cardiac and extra-cardiac conditions and frailty increase the risk of mortality despite TAVI. Among the survivors, these comorbidities can inhibit improvements in symptoms and quality of life.

However, certain conditions are reversible with TAVI (e.g. functional mitral regurgitation), attenuating the risk and improving outcomes. Quantification of disease severity, identification of reversible factors and a systematic evaluation of frailty can substantially improve risk stratification and outcomes. This review examines the contribution of pre-existing comorbidities towards futility in TAVI and suggests a systematic approach to guide patient evaluation.

Medical Imaging Biomarker Discovery and Integration Towards AI-Based Personalized Radiotherapy

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been used for high-accurate physical dose distribution sculpture and employed to modulate different dose levels into Gross Tumor Volume (GTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV) and Planning Target Volume (PTV). GTV, CTV and PTV can be prescribed at different dose levels, however, there is an emphasis that their dose distributions need to be uniform, despite the fact that most types of tumour are heterogeneous.

With traditional radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, we can identify biological target volume from functional images against conventional GTV derived from anatomical imaging. Functional imaging, such as multi parameter MRI and PET can be used to implement dose painting, which allows us to achieve dose escalation by increasing doses in certain areas that are therapy-resistant in the GTV and reducing doses in less aggressive areas.

In this review, we firstly discuss several quantitative functional imaging techniques including PET-CT and multi-parameter MRI. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental comparisons for dose painting by contours (DPBC) and dose painting by numbers (DPBN), along with outcome analysis after dose painting are provided. The state-of-the-art AI-based biomarker diagnosis techniques is reviewed. Finally, we conclude major challenges and future directions in AI-based biomarkers to improve cancer diagnosis and radiotherapy treatment.

Computational Methods for Single-Cell Imaging and Omics Data Integration

Integrating single cell omics and single cell imaging allows for a more effective characterisation of the underlying mechanisms that drive a phenotype at the tissue level, creating a comprehensive profile at the cellular level. Although the use of imaging data is well established in biomedical research, its primary application has been to observe phenotypes at the tissue or organ level, often using medical imaging techniques such as MRI, CT, and PET. These imaging technologies complement omics-based data in biomedical research because they are helpful for identifying associations between genotype and phenotype, along with functional changes occurring at the tissue level. Single cell imaging can act as an intermediary between these levels.

Meanwhile new technologies continue to arrive that can be used to interrogate the genome of single cells and its related omics datasets. As these two areas, single cell imaging and single cell omics, each advance independently with the development of novel techniques, the opportunity to integrate these data types becomes more and more attractive.

This review outlines some of the technologies and methods currently available for generating, processing, and analysing single-cell omics- and imaging data, and how they could be integrated to further our understanding of complex biological phenomena like ageing. We include an emphasis on machine learning algorithms because of their ability to identify complex patterns in large multidimensional data.

Procedure-Related Access Site Pain Multimodal Management following Percutaneous Cardiac Intervention: A Randomized Control Trial

Methods: 137 patients who underwent PCI procedure via radial artery were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to the control (CG, n = 68) and intervention (IG, n = 65) groups. IG received MPM (paracetamol, ibuprofen, and the arm physiotherapy), CG received pain medication “as needed.” Outcomes were assessed immediately after, 2, 12, 24, and 48 h, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after PCI. The primary outcome was A-S pain prevalence and pain intensity numeric rating scale (NRS) 0-10.

Results: Results showed that A-S pain prevalence during the 3-month follow-up period was decreasing. Statistically significant difference between the groups (CG versus IG) was after 24 h (41.2% versus 18.5, p=0.005), 48 h (30.9% versus 1.5%, p ≤ 0.001), 1 week (25% versus 10.8%, p=0.042), 1 month (23.5% versus 7.7%, p=0.017) after the procedure. The mean of the highest pain intensity was after 2 h (IG-2.17 ± 2.07; CG-3.53 ± 2.69) and the lowest 3 months (IG-0.02 ± 0.12; CG-0.09 ± 0.45) after the procedure. A-S pain intensity mean scores were statistically significantly higher in CG during the follow-up period (Wilks’ λ = 0.84 F (7,125) = 3.37, p=0.002).

Gentodenz
19-DENZ-500	Gentaur Genprice	500 g	416 EUR
Rye Agar A
765-M1854-500G	Gentaur Genprice	500 g	82 EUR
Rye Agar B
765-M1855-500G	Gentaur Genprice	500 g	93 EUR
Porcine Parvovirus Antibody Elisa Test Kit
767-LSY-30009	Gentaur Genprice	192 Wells/kit	382 EUR
QuantiChrom Hemoglobin Assay Kit
65-DIHB-250	Gentaur Genprice	250 tests	473 EUR
Malachite Green Phosphate Assay kit
65-POMG-25H	Gentaur Genprice	2500 tests	333 EUR
50ml TC Tubes, Conical, 440 units/box
04-5540150	Gentaur Genprice	440 units/box	85.2 EUR
GMP IL4, 50µg
04-GMP-HU-IL4-50UG	Gentaur Genprice	50µg	579.6 EUR
SDS-Blue™ - Coomassie based solution for protein staining in SDS-PAGE
04-GSB	Gentaur Genprice	Ask for price Ask for price	1L 500mL
rHu IL 2 , 3MIU
04-RHIL2-02F01	Gentaur Genprice	1 vial	298.8 EUR
rHu IL 2 , 3MIU , Lot 200908F02
04-RHIL2-08F02	Gentaur Genprice	1 vial	298.8 EUR
PRE-GMP rHu GM-CSF, Molgramostim-Leukoma
04-RHUGM-CSF-7A10	Gentaur Genprice	300 µg	462 EUR
Mouse Anti TNP Immunotoxicity
198-TNPG-1	Gentaur Genprice	100 µL	469.2 EUR
Exo-Check Exosome Antibody Array
322-EXO-FBS-50A-1	Gentaur Genprice	100 µg	469.2 EUR
1-Step Polymorphs, Human Cell Separation
71-AN221725	Gentaur Genprice	1	238.8 EUR
Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit
ZD-0076-01	Gentaur Genprice	25 tests/kit	Ask for price
Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit
ZD-0076-02	Gentaur Genprice	25 tests/kit	Ask for price
GMP Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
GMPhuIL-4-50ug	Gentaur Genprice	50ug	528 EUR
Gelonin
MBS566187-1mg	MyBiosource	1mg	465 EUR
Gelonin
MBS566187-5x1mg	MyBiosource	5x1mg	1940 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin)
MBS600426-025mg	MyBiosource	0.25mg	580 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin)
MBS600426-05mg	MyBiosource	0.5mg	965 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin)
MBS600426-5x05mg	MyBiosource	5x0.5mg	4185 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin) (AP)
MBS6124654-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1(mL	1100 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin) (AP)
MBS6124654-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	4805 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin) (PE)
MBS6125822-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1(mL	1100 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin) (PE)
MBS6125822-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	4805 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin)
MBS603541-05mg	MyBiosource	0.5mg	1285 EUR

Antitermite Properties of Wood Extracts from Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Leguminosae) against Subterranean Termites

Megan Detergent, RNA February 12, 2022define filter paper, filter paper advantec, filter paper and funnel, filter paper chemistry, filter paper chromatography, filter paper disc, filter paper folding, filter paper function, filter paper grades, filter paper hs code, filter paper laboratory observation, filter paper pore size, filter paper price, filter paper roll, filter paper sheets, filter paper unit, filter paper whatman, j whatman paper, old whatman paper, papermaking james whatman, plasmid whatman paper, whatman filter paper grades, whatman filter paper sizes, whatman paper 1, whatman paper 5, whatman paper chromatography, whatman paper company, whatman paper filter, whatman paper grades, whatman paper mill, whatman paper no. 1, whatman paper sizes, whatman paper training tools, whatman paper western blot 0 Comment

Termites’ mortality was determined in each case of extract and solvent treated Whatman filter paper. Finally, wooden blocks of poplar (19×19×19 mm) were treated with extracts and respective solvents and exposed to termites in the field for 28 days. Minimum mean weight loss was observed in dried P. pinnata (6.38%), followed by fresh P. pinnata in choice tests.

In no-choice tests, dried P. pinnata was comparatively resistant with a weight loss of 12.37%, followed by fresh P. pinnata and P. deltoides. In toxicity bioassay, ethyl acetate-based wood extracts caused the highest mortality (41.66%), followed by petroleum ether, hexane, and water extracts at 10 mg/ml concentration. Similarly, ethyl acetate-based extracts showed maximum repellency (100%) followed by petroleum ether extracts at 10 mg/ml and ethyl acetate at 5 mg/ml after 60 min of termite exposure. Minimum wood losses were observed in woods treated with ethyl acetate extracts compared to control and other treatments in field experiments.

Isolation of Halomicroarcula pellucida strain GUMF5, an archaeon from the Dead Sea-Israel possessing cellulase

A strain designated GUMF5 was isolated in Goa-India from sediments of Dead Sea-Israel and identified as haloarchaeon Halomicroarcula pellucida based on 16S rRNA gene analysis similarity value of 99.84%. Strain GUMF5 grew on mineral salts medium with 20% NaCl and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) as a sole source of carbon and produced haloextremozyme cellulase. The enzyme was concentrated using Sephadex G20, precipitated with ethanol, dialyzed and retentate purified using Sephadex G200, the size exclusion chromatography. A yield of 78.53% cellulase with an activity of 131.13 U/mg and 1.24-fold purity was obtained. More Details

The purified cellulase had optimum activity at 20% NaCl, at 40 ºC, 0.5% CMC-Na, pH 7 and 150 rpm. SDS-PAGE combined with zymographic analysis revealed the molecular weight of cellulase as 240 kDa, 40 kDa and 17.4 kDa. The activity of the enzyme was stimulated by metallic cations in the order of Ca⁺² > Mn⁺² > Mg⁺² > SO₄ ^2- > NH₄ ⁺ and was inhibited by Ag⁺ > Fe⁺² > Cu⁺². Methanol and ethanol enhanced the cellulase activity by 6% and 26%, respectively.

The haloextremozyme cellulase degraded Whatman No. 1 filter paper indicated in scanning electron micrographs, exposure of open pores and fibers without any intra connectivity corresponding to paperase activity and implicating the possible use of enzyme to bio-convert cellulosic waste. Conclusively, Halomicroarcula pellucida GUMF5 (Accession number: MH244431), globally, is the only Halomicroarcula pellucida isolated from the sediments of Dead Sea producing haloextremozyme cellulase, and hence is an important biotechnological resource.

Functional Comparison of Bioactive Cellulose Materials Incorporating Engineered Binding Proteins

Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper is widely used as a substrate for cellulose-based immunoassays. The immobilized proteins are used to capture target biomarkers for detection. However, alternative paper substrates may facilitate mass production of immunoassays as diagnostic tests. Here, we assessed the physical characteristics and protein immobilization capabilities of different commercial papers.

Some substrates fulfilled our design criteria, including adequate flow rate and sufficient protein immobilization for efficient target capture. This study demonstrates that a variety of paper substrates can be bioactivated and used to capture target biomarkers, enabling development of affordable diagnostic tests from a range of starting materials.

Evaluating performance of multiplex real time PCR for the diagnosis of malaria at elimination targeted low transmission settings of Ethiopia

Background: Malaria incidence has declined in Ethiopia in the past 10 years. Current malaria diagnostic tests, including light microscopy and rapid antigen-detecting diagnostic tests (RDTs) cannot reliably detect low-density infections. Studies have shown that nucleic acid amplification tests are highly sensitive and specific in detecting malaria infection.

This study took place with the aim of evaluating the performance of multiplex real time PCR for the diagnosis of malaria using patient samples collected from health facilities located at malaria elimination targeted low transmission settings in Ethiopia.

Methods: A health facility-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected malaria sentinel sites. Malaria-suspected febrile outpatients referred to laboratory for malaria testing between December 2019 and March 2020 was enrolled into this study. Sociodemographic information and capillary blood samples were collected from the study participants and tested at spot with RDTs.

Additionally, five circles of dry blood spot (DBS) samples on Whatman filter paper and thick and thin smear were prepared for molecular testing and microscopic examination, respectively. Multiplex real time PCR assay was performed at Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) malaria laboratory. The performance of multiplex real time PCR assay, microscopy and RDT for the diagnosis of malaria was compared and evaluated against each other.

Results: Out of 271 blood samples, multiplex real time PCR identified 69 malaria cases as Plasmodium falciparum infection, 16 as Plasmodium vivax and 3 as mixed infections. Of the total samples, light microscopy detected 33 as P. falciparum, 18 as P. vivax, and RDT detected 43 as P. falciparum, 17 as P. vivax, and one mixed infection.

Using light microscopy as reference test, the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex real time PCR were 100% (95% CI (93-100)) and 83.2% (95% CI (77.6-87.9)), respectively. Using multiplex real time PCR as a reference, light microscopy and RDT had sensitivity of 58% (95% CI 46.9-68.4) and 67% (95% CI 56.2-76.7); and 100% (95% CI 98-100) and 98.9% (95% CI 96-99.9), respectively. Substantial level of agreement was reported between microscopy and multiplex real time PCR results with kappa value of 0.65.

Conclusions: Multiplex real-time PCR had an advanced performance in parasite detection and species identification on febrile patients’ samples than did microscopy and RDT in low malaria transmission settings. It is highly sensitive malaria diagnostic method that can be used in malaria elimination programme, particularly for community based epidemiological samples. Although microscopy and RDT had reduced performance when compared to multiplex real time PCR, still had an acceptable performance in diagnosis of malaria cases on patient samples at clinical facilities.

A practical method for storage, preservation and transportation of anuran urine samples using filter paper for hormone analysis

Anurans (frogs and toads) expelled urine when handled and it could provide insights into their physiological status. However, storage, preservation and transportation are often challenging. The study aimed to standardize and validate a field method for short-term storage and preserve of anuran urine samples using Whatman filter papers. To examine the efficacy of storage conditions and type of papers, urinary based enzyme immunoassays were used to measure progesterone and testosterone hormone metabolites.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was performed and revealed immunoreactive progesterone and testosterone metabolites in the urine samples.
Urinary hormone metabolites concentration stored in filter paper at room temperature and control samples stored in -20°C for the same period were similar.
Whatman grade 50 was found to be more suitable for storage of hormones than grade 3 paper for the experiments performed.
A cheap and simple storage method for storage of anuran urine in field conditions using filter papers.•Anuran urine could be preserved and transported under ambient conditions without significant changes and loss of hormones.•This method would facilitate the endocrine monitoring of anurans in remote areas where limited logistics are available.

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cell tracking velocimetry as an economical and portable hematology analyzer

Megan Detergent, RCCS February 12, 2022deoxyhemoglobin abbreviation, deoxyhemoglobin carries oxygen, deoxyhemoglobin color, deoxyhemoglobin curve, deoxyhemoglobin definition, deoxyhemoglobin high, deoxyhemoglobin là gì, deoxyhemoglobin normal range, deoxyhemoglobin structure, deoxyhemoglobin venous, deoxyhemoglobin vs oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin คือ, deoxyhemoglobine, hematology analyzer, hematology definition, hematology impact factor, hematology in spanish, hematology lab, hematology near me, hematology oncology, hematology oncology associates, hematology oncology doctors, hematology oncology doctors near me, hematology oncology near me, hematology oncology specialists, hematology powerpoint, hematology technician, hematology test, hematology university 0 Comment

Anemia and iron deficiency continue to be the most prevalent nutritional disorders in the world, affecting billions of people in both developed and developing countries. The initial diagnosis of anemia is typically based on several markers, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit and total hemoglobin. Using modern hematology analyzers, erythrocyte parameters such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), etc. are also being used.

However, most of these commercially available analyzers pose several disadvantages: they are expensive instruments that require significant bench space and are heavy enough to limit their use to a specific lab and lead to a delay in results, making them less practical as a point-of-care instrument that can be used for swift clinical evaluation. Thus, there is a need for a portable and economical hematology analyzer that can be used at the point of need. In this work, we evaluated the performance of a system referred to as the cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) to measure several hematological parameters from fresh human blood obtained from healthy donors and from sickle cell disease subjects.

Our system, based on the paramagnetic behavior that deoxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin containing RBCs experience when suspended in water after applying a magnetic field, uses a combination of magnets and microfluidics and has the ability to track the movement of thousands of red cells in a short period of time. This allows us to measure not only traditional RBC indices but also novel parameters that are only available for analyzers that assess erythrocytes on a cell by cell basis.

As such, we report, for the first time, the use of our CTV as a hematology analyzer that is able to measure MCV, MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), the percentage of hypochromic cells (which is an indicator of insufficient marrow iron supply that reflects recent iron reduction), and the correlation coefficients between these metrics. Our initial results indicate that most of the parameters measured with CTV are within the normal range for healthy adults. Only the parameters related to the red cell volume (primarily MCV and RDW) were outside the normal range.

We observed significant discrepancies between the MCV measured by our technology (and also by an automated cell counter) and the manual method that calculates MCV through the hematocrit obtained by packed cell volume, which are attributed to the artifacts of plasma trapping and cell shrinkage. While there may be limitations for measuring MCV, this device offers a novel point of care instrument to provide rapid RBC parameters such as iron stores that are otherwise not rapidly available to the clinician. Thus, our CTV is a promising technology with the potential to be employed as an accurate, economical, portable and fast hematology analyzer after applying instrument-specific reference ranges or correction factors. More Details

Preparation of transparent photoluminescence smart window by integration of rare-earth aluminate nanoparticles into recycled polyethylene waste

Novel photoluminescent nanocomposite sheets were prepared for simple commercial manufacturing of transparent and luminous photochromic smart windows. Simple physical integration of lanthanide-doped strontium aluminium oxide (LdSAO) nanoparticles into recycled polyethylene (PE) waste introduced smart nanocomposite with persistent phosphorescence and photochromic properties. Because of the nanoparticle form of LdSAO is significant to develop transparent materials; LdSAO nanoparticles were well-dispersed in the polyethylene matrix. Both morphologies and chemical compositions of LdSAO nanoparticles and LdSAO-containing luminescent polyethylene sheets were investigated.

Both LdSAO-free and photoluminescent polyethylene sheets were colorless in regular daylight. Only LdSAO-containing polyethylene luminescent samples showed a brilliant green color under an UV supply and greenish-yellow color under darkness as verified by CIE Lab parameters. Both absorbance and emission bands were monitored at 377 and 436/517 nm, respectively.

For both photoluminescence spectroscopy and mechanical properties, the LdSAO-containing polyethylene luminescent sheets were compared to the LdSAO-free sample and found to have improved scratch resistance, UV protection, and superhydrophobic activity. Based on the added amount of LdSAO, photoluminescence, decay and lifetime spectral tests showed photochromic fluorescence and long-lasting phosphorescence characteristics. PELdSAO nanocomposite sheets displayed UV protection, photostability, hydrophobicity, excellent durability as compared to the blank LdSAO-free polyethylene sheet.

Financial development during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of coronavirus testing and functional labs

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020, known as COVID-19, spread to more than 200 countries and negatively affected the global economic output. Financial activities were primarily depressed, and investors were reluctant to start new financial investments while ongoing projects further declined due to the global lockdown to curb the disease.

This study analyzes the money supply reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional panel of 115 countries. The study used robust least square regression and innovation accounting techniques to get sound parameter estimates.
The results show that COVID-19 infected cases are the main contributing factor that obstructs financial activities and decrease money supply. In contrast, an increasing number of recovered cases and COVID-19 testing capabilities gave investors confidence to increase stock trade across countries.
The overall forecast trend shows that COVID-19 infected cases and recovered cases followed the U-shaped trend, while COVID-19 critical cases and reported deaths showed a decreasing trend. Finally, the money supply and testing capacity show a positive trend over a period.
The study concludes that financial development can be expanded by increasing the testing capacity and functional labs to identify suspected coronavirus cases globally.

Behavior of nitrogen and sulfur compounds in the rice husk pellet bioscrubber and its circulation water

In this study, pellet-type biofilter media was developed with rice husk and applied in a wet scrubber system for odor removal. The lab-scale bioscrubber system was operated for 200 days to evaluate odorous gas removal (i.e., NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide), and the removal mechanism of odor gases was studied by analyzing the behavior of nitrogen and sulfur compounds in circulation water of bioscrubber system. The rice husk pellets supplied the organic carbon source and phosphoric acid necessary for microbial growth, allowing the system to continue successfully for 200 days without any maintenance technology.

By analyzing the behavior of the nitrogen and sulfur compounds in the circulation water, we confirmed that the odor gas removal resulted from various mechanisms, including adsorption and biodegradation. Ammonia gas was absorbed by the rice husk pellets and accumulated in the circulation water as nitrite under conditions of sufficient alkalinity and above pH 7.

Conversely, when the alkalinity and pH decreased, nitrite was rapidly converted to nitrate. However, H₂S gas was oxidized to sulfate and continuously accumulated in the circulation water regardless of the pH and alkalinity. In addition, it was confirmed that the decrease in nitrate in the bioscrubber system was due to heterotrophic denitrification by the organic carbon source supply and autotrophic denitrification by sulfur gas. During the operation of the rice husk pellet bioscrubber for 8 months, under low solubility condition, more than 99% of NH₃ and H₂S were removed and about 85% of methyl mercaptan (MM) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) were removed.

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Direct and Indirect Chemiluminescence: Reactions, Mechanisms and Challenges

Megan RCCS, RNA February 12, 2022antibody covid test, antibody definition, antibody dependent enhancement effect, antibody dependent enhancement reaction, antibody humanization service, antibody infusion, antibody infusion treatment, antibody infusion treatment for covid, antibody monoclonal, antibody myc, antibody online, antibody sequence database, antibody services, antibody structure, antibody synthesis, antibody test for covid, antibody testing, antibody testing for covid-19, antibody testing near me, antibody tests, antibody treatment for covid, antibody-dependent enhancement, antibody-drug conjugate, antibodypedia, immunoassays are based on the principle of, immunoassays definition, immunoassays does not require b/f separation, immunoassays elisa, immunoassays examples, immunoassays meaning, immunoassays pdf, immunoassays ppt, immunoassays test, immunoassays types, proteins are made of, proteins are made where in the cell, proteins are polymers composed of, proteins are polymers of, proteins biology, proteins definition, proteins elements, proteins example science project, proteins examples, proteins examples biology, proteins foods, proteins function, proteins monomer, proteins play in the body, proteins structure, proteinsimple, proteinsimple milo, proteinska dijeta, proteinske palačinke, proteinski kruh, proteinsplus, proteinstruktur, proteinsyntesen enkelt forklart, proteinsynthese 0 Comment

The phenomenon can take place both in natural and artificial chemical systems and it has been utilized in a variety of applications. In this review, we aim to revisit some of the latest CL applications based on direct and indirect production modes. The characteristics of the chemical reactions and the underpinning CL mechanisms are thoroughly discussed in view of studies from the very recent bibliography.

Different methodologies aiming at higher CL efficiencies are summarized and presented in detail, including CL type and scaffolds used in each study. The CL role in the development of efficient therapeutic platforms is also discussed in relation to the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) produced, as final products.

Moreover, recent research results from our team are included regarding the behavior of commonly used photosensitizers upon chemical activation under CL conditions. The CL prospects in imaging, biomimetic organic and radical chemistry, and therapeutics are critically presented in respect to the persisting challenges and limitations of the existing strategies to date.

A Novel Brighter Bioluminescent Fusion Protein Based on ZZ Domain and Amydetes vivianii Firefly Luciferase for Immunoassays

Immunoassays are widely used for detection of antibodies against specific antigens in diagnosis, as well as in electrophoretic techniques such as Western Blotting. They usually rely on colorimetric, fluorescent or chemiluminescent methods for detection. Whereas the chemiluminescence methods are more sensitive and widely used, they usually suffer of fast luminescence decay. Here we constructed a novel bioluminescent fusion protein based on the N-terminal ZZ portion of protein A and the brighter green-blue emitting Amydetes vivianii firefly luciferase.

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In the presence of D-luciferin/ATP assay solution, the new fusion protein displays higher bioluminescence activity, is very thermostable and produces a sustained emission (t_1/2 > 30 min). In dot blots, we could successfully detect rabbit IgG against firefly luciferases, Limpet Haemocyanin, and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (1-250 ng), as well as the antigen bound antibodies using either CCD imaging, and even photography using smartphones. Using CCD imaging, we could detect up to 100 pg of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein.

Using this system, we could also successfully detect firefly luciferase and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in Western Blots (5-250 ng). Comparatively, the new fusion protein displays slightly higher and more sustained luminescent signal when compared to commercial HRP-labeled secondary antibodies, constituting a novel promising alternative for Western Blotting and immunoassays.

Long-Lasting Luminol Chemiluminescence Emission with 1,10-Phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic Acid Copper(II) Complex on Paper

As most of the known systems are flashtype, long-lasting chemiluminescence (CL) emissions are extremely needed for the application of cold light sources, accurate CL quantitative analysis, and biological mapping. In this work, the flashtype system of luminol was altered to a long lasting CL system just because of the paper substrate. The Cu(II)-based organic complex was loaded on the paper surface, which can trigger luminol-H₂O₂ to produce a long lasting CL emission for over 30 min.

By using 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (PDA) as the ligand, a hexacoordinated Cu(II)-based organic complex was synthesized by the simple freeze-drying method. It is interesting that the complex morphology can be controlled by adding different amounts of water in the synthesizing procedure. The complex with a certain size can be definitely trapped in the pores of the cellulose.

Then, slow diffusion, which can be attributed to the long lasting CL emission, was produced. With the high catalytic activity of the complex, reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂ was generated and was responsible for the high CL intensity.
By using the paper substrate, the flash-type luminol system can be easily transferred to the long-duration CL system without any extra reagent.
This long-lasting emission system was used for hydrogen sulfide detection by the CL imaging method.
This paper-based sensor has great potential for CL imaging in the clinical field in the future.

Insight into the Ozone-Assisted Low-Temperature Combustion of Dimethyl Ether by Means of Stabilized Cool Flames

The low-temperature combustion kinetics of dimethyl ether (DME) were studied by means of stabilized cool flames in a heated stagnation plate burner configuration using ozone-seeded premixed flows of DME/O₂. Direct imaging of CH₂O* chemiluminescence and laser-induced fluorescence of CH₂O were used to determine the flame front positions in a wide range of lean and ultra-lean equivalence ratios and ozone concentrations for two strain rates.

The temperature and species mole fraction profiles along the flame were measured by coupling thermocouples, gas chromatography, micro-chromatography, and quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis. A new kinetic model was built on the basis of the Aramco 1.3 model, coupled with a validated submechanism of O₃ chemistry, and was updated to improve the agreement with the obtained experimental results and experimental data available in the literature.

The main results show the efficiency of the tested model to predict the flame front position and temperature in every tested condition, as well as the importance of reactions typical of atmospheric chemistry in the prediction of cool flame occurrence. The agreement on the fuel and major products is overall good, except for methanol, highlighting some missing kinetic pathways for the DME/O₂/O₃ system, possibly linked to the direct addition of atomic oxygen on the fuel radical, modifying the product distribution after the cool flame.

Advanced image analysis-based evaluation of protein antibody microarray chemiluminescence signal improves glioma type identification by blood serum proteins concentrations

Background and objective: Gliomas are the most common brain tumors usually classified as benign low-grade or aggressive high-grade glioma. One of the promising possibilities of glioma diagnostics and tumor type identification could be based on concentration measurements of glioma secreted proteins in the blood.

However, several published approaches of quantitative proteomic analysis emphasize limits of one single protein to be used as biomarker of these types of tumors. Simultaneous multi-protein concentrations analysis giving antibody array-based methods suffer from poor measurement accuracy due to technical limitations of imaging systems.

Methods: We applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for series of repeated antibody array chemiluminescence images to extract the component representing relative values of protein concentrations, free from zero-mean noise and uneven background illumination – main factors corrupting evaluation result.

Results: The proposed method increased accuracy of protein concentration estimates at least 2-fold. Decision tree classifier applied to the relative concentration values of three proteins TIMP-1, PAI-1 and NCAM-1 estimated by proposed image analysis method effectively distinguished between low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma and healthy control subjects showing validation accuracy of 74.9% with the highest positive predictive value of 81.2% for high-grade glioma and 57.1% for low-grade glioma cases.

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An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties

Megan Detergent, RNA February 12, 2022dna ancestry, dna bts, dna definition, dna extraction, dna genetics, dna hr block, dna hrblock login, dna hrblock login employee, dna lyrics, dna molecule, dna painter, dna polymerase, dna replication, dna rna, dna stock, dna structure, dna testing, dna tests, dna transcription, dna.hrblock.com, dna2, dnajlion7 rumble, dnase, molecular, molecular biology, molecular biology courses 2019, molecular biology courses 2019 uk, molecular cancer, molecular cell, molecular compound, molecular covid test, molecular devices, molecular diagnostics, molecular formula, molecular formula calculator, molecular gastronomy, molecular geometry chart, molecular lab test pcr / naat, molecular mass, molecular mass calculator, molecular plant, molecular probes, molecular shapes, molecular test, molecular therapy, molecular weight, molecular weight calculator, pcr, pcr covid test, pcr covid test near me, pcr test cvs, pcr test for traveling, pcr test near me, pcr test near me free, pcr test seattle, pcr test walgreens, pcr testing, pcr testing definition, pcr testing for traveling, pcr testing near me, pcr vs antigen test, pcr vs rapid test, pcram, pcre, pcrichardsandsons 0 Comment

Malva parviflora L. is an edible and medicinal herb containing mucilaginous cells in its leaves. Mucilage obtained from M. parviflora leaves (MLM) was extracted in distilled water (1:10 w/v) at 70 °C followed by precipitation with alcohol. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed to assess the purity of the extracted mucilage. Results showed that the yield of mucilage was 7.50%, and it was free from starch, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, lipids and heavy metals. MLM had 16.19% carbohydrates, 13.55% proteins and 4.76% amino acids, which indicate its high nutritional value. Physicochemical investigations showed that MLM is neutral and water-soluble, having 5.84% moisture content, 15.60% ash content, 12.33 swelling index, 2.57 g/g water-holding capacity and 2.03 g/g oil-binding capacity.

The functional properties, including emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity and stability increased with increased concentrations.
Micromeritic properties, such as bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose, were found to be 0.69 g/cm³, 0.84 g/cm³, 17.86%, 1.22 and 28.5, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that MLM is an amorphous powder possessing particles of varying size and shape; meanwhile, rheological studies revealed the pseudoplastic behavior of MLM.
The thermal transition process of MLM revealed by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram, occurring at a reasonable enthalpy change (∆H), reflects its good thermal stability. The presence of functional groups characteristic of polysaccharides was ascertained by the infrared (IR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses.
GC revealed the presence of five neutral monosaccharides; namely, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and mannose, showing 51.09, 10.24, 8.90, 1.80 and 0.90 mg/g of MLM, respectively. Meanwhile, galacturonic acid is the only detected acidic monosaccharide, forming 15.06 mg/g of MLM.
It showed noticeable antioxidant activity against the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical with an IC₅₀ value of 154.27 µg/mL. It also prevented oxidative damage to DNA caused by the Fenton reagent, as visualized in gel documentation system.
The sun protection factor was found to be 10.93 ± 0.15 at 400 µg/mL. Thus, MLM can be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and as a therapeutic agent due to its unique properties.

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Telomere length in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and their age-matched naturally produced counterparts

There are controversial reports on the restoration of eroded telomere length in offspring produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in different animal species. To the best of our knowledge, no earlier studies report the telomere length in naturally produced or cloned animals in any of the camelid species. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate the telomere length in dromedary camels produced by SCNT, the donor cells, and their age-matched naturally produced counterparts by Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) length analysis and real-time Q PCR T/S ratio methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood collected from 6 cloned animals and their age-matched counterparts.

Using the southern blot technique, digested DNA was blotted onto a positively charged nylon membrane, and its hybridization was carried out using telomere (TTAGGG)n specific, DIG-labeled hybridization probe (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) at 42 °C for 4 h. Stringent washes were carried out at the same temperature, followed by a chemiluminescence reaction.

The signals were captured using the Azure Biosystems C600 gel documentation system. A TeloTool program from MATLAB software with a built-in probe intensity correction algorithm was used for TRF analysis. The experiment was replicated three times, and the data, presented as mean ± SEM, were analyzed using a two-sample t-test (MINITAB statistical software, Minitab ltd, CV3 2 TE, UK).

No difference was found in the mean telomere length of cloned camels when compared to their naturally produced age-matched counterparts. However, the telomere length was more (P < 0.05) than that of the somatic cells used for producing the SCNT embryos. A moderate positive Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.6446) was observed between the telomere lengths estimated by TRF and Q PCR T/S ratio method.

In conclusion, this is the first study wherein we are reporting telomere length in naturally produced and cloned dromedary camels produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. We found that telomere lengths in cloned camels were similar to their age-matched naturally produced counterparts, suggesting that the camel cytoplast reprograms the somatic cell nucleus and restores the telomere length to its totipotency stage.

First report of Klebsiella aerogenes Inciting Stem Rot of Pearl Millet in Haryana, India

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Syn. Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] is the oldest and widely cultivated millet in Asian and African countries, mostly grown over low fertile soils in more than 40 countries covering an area of 312.00 lakh hectares (FAOSTAT 2017). In Haryana, crop was grown over an area of 4.30 lakh hectares during Kharif 2019. Pearl millet is prone to many fungal and bacterial diseases. During 2018 to 2020, a new devastating diseas exhibiting stem rot like symptoms was observed in pearl millet growing regions in Indian state of Haryana. The isolated disease causing agent was a bacterium, where 16S rDNA-based nucleotide sequence deposited in NCBI GenBank (Accession nos. MZ433194.1) conferred its nearness to Klebsiella aerogenes (Hormaeche and Edwards 1960) Tindall et al. 2017.

Further, DNA gyrase genomic sequence (NCBI Accession nos. MZ707528.1) also stayed its high homology to K. aerogenes. Klebsiella usually known to cause diseases in humans and animals, and also has been found inciting different kind of rots in different plantations viz. top rot in maize (Huang Min et al. 2016). Pearl millet is susceptible to minor bacterial diseases viz. bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris), bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae) and leaf stripe (P. avenae).

Earlier, among the plant pathogenic bacterial entirety, only Erwinia chrysanthemi is known to cause stem rot diseases in sorghum (Saxena et al. 1991) amongst different types of millet. Extensive disease survey of pearl millet growing regions (Hisar, Bhiwani, Rewari, Mohindergarh and Bawal districts of Haryana having an altitude of 215, 225, 245, 262 and 266 m, respectively) in rainy seasons of 2019 and 2020 revealed the prevalence of typical stem rot disease, representing up to 70% disease incidence in the infected fields. The pieces of symptomatic stem of different plants were collected from two locations (Hisar and Bhiwani) and associated organism was isolated following the techniques of Janse (2005).

The resulting growth of bacterial cultures were further purified on nutrient agar (NA) media using streak plate technique where colony growth of both the isolates were observed as morphotypes. The resulting bacteria were gram-negative and rod-shaped. Colonies were round and creamish white on NA. Isolated morphotypes were positive for indole production, methyl red, Voges Proskauer’s test, citrate utilization, arabinose, mannitol, rhamnose and sucrose, whereas negative for glucose, adonitol, lactose and sorbitol tests.

Biochemical tests were performed following standard methods (Holt et al. 1994). Molecular analysis of both isolates was performed using two sets of primers (universal 16S rRNA gene and genus-specific gyrA gene). The gyrA fragment (F: 5′-CGCGTACTATACGCCATGAACGTA-3′; R: 5′-ACCGTTGATCACTTCGGTCAGG-3′) has been adopted as Klebsiella genus-specific gene (Brisse and Verhoef 2001). The quality and quantity of the isolated genomic DNA were analyzed using NanoDrop-2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and resolved in 1% (w/v) agarose gel. Thereafter, visualized in gel documentation to confirm a single band of high-molecular-weight DNA.

The fragment 16S rDNA was amplified using 27F and 1492R primers, where a single discrete PCR amplicon of 1500 bp was observed in 1% (w/v) agarose gel. Similarly, the gyrA gene was amplified using 09510F and 09510R primers that conferred a single discrete band of 400 bp. The forward and reverse DNA sequencing reaction of purified PCR amplicons (16S rDNA and gyrA) was carried out using BDT v3.1 Cycle sequencing kit on a genetic analyzer to generate gene sequences. The consensus sequences of both gene were generated from forward and reverse sequences data using aligner software. The obtained sequences of both genes were compared with the available nucleotide sequences in the NCBI using the blast 2.2.9 system.

The sequenced PCR amplicons showed up to 100% similarity with Klebsiella aerogenes 16s RNA nucleotide sequences (Accession nos. NR102493.2, MT373521.1; MF682950.1; MF462979.1 etc.). The bacterium also showed high nucleotide homology to K. aerogenes gyrA gene sequences (Accession nos. LR607333.1; CP035466.1; CP049600.1 etc.). The molecular phylogenetic analysis was done by the maximum likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model, and 1000 replicates for bootstrap testing in MEGA 7.0 software. The analysis involved 16 nucleotide sequences and evolutionary distances were computed.

The 16s RNA based phylogenetic tree raised using MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016) elucidates that Klebsiella aerogenes Hisar formed a cluster with three K. aerogenes strains (Accession nos. MZ577128.1, MT373521.1 and MT 373520.1), whereas K. aerogenes Bhiwani displayed higher homology to NCBI sequences viz. MF682950.1, MT355368.1, MW331687.1and LC515412.1. Bacterial suspension was prepared by suspending bacterial cells into sterile water and cell density was adjusted to 1×107 colony forming unit/ml.

For pathogenicity, leaf whorl inoculation (10 ml suspension/ whorl) was done on 15 days old seedlings of pearl millet genotype 7042S raised under controlled conditions (Temperature 35±2°C and more than 80% Relative Humidity). The pathogenicity was proved under field conditions as well.

Initial symptoms were observed 4-5 days after inoculation as long streaks on leaves. Soon a spike in number of these leaf streaks was observed. Thereafter, water-soaked lesions appeared on the stem at 20-25 days after inoculation which later on turned brown to black. Severely diseased plants were dead, exhibiting hollowing of the stem and drying of leaves.

The infected stem pith disintegrated and showed slimy rot symptoms and the pearl millet clumps toppled down. The rotten stems of both inoculations were again cut in to small pieces and the reisolated bacterium showed exactly the same morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stem rot of pearl millet incited by K. aerogenes in south-western regions of Haryana, India. Because the stem rot caused by K. aerogenes poses a significant threat to pearl millet cultivation, further research on biology, epidemiology and management choices is needed.

Mycobacterium porcinum Skin and Soft Tissue Infections After Vaccinations – Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, September 2018-February 2019

During December 2018-February 2019, a multistate investigation identified 101 patients with vaccination-associated adverse events among an estimated 940 persons in Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio who had received influenza; hepatitis A; pneumococcal; or tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines at the workplace during September 11-November 28, 2018. These vaccines had been administered by staff members of a third-party health care company contracted by 24 businesses. Company A provided multiple vaccine types during workplace vaccination events across 54 locations in these adjoining states.

Injection-site wound isolates from patients yielded Mycobacterium porcinum, a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species in the Mycobacterium fortuitum group; subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of all 28 available isolates identified two closely related clusters.

Site visits to company A and interviews with staff members identified inadequate hand hygiene, improper vaccine storage and handling, lack of appropriate medical record documentation, and lack of reporting to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

Vaccination-associated adverse events can be prevented by training health care workers responsible for handling or administering vaccines in safe vaccine handling, administration, and storage practices, timely reporting of any suspected vaccination-associated adverse events to VAERS, and notifying public health authorities of any adverse event clusters.

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cryopreservation techniques as a conservation method of donkey germplasm

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Ejaculates of three male donkeys were used (n= 18; six ejaculates per donkey; six repetitions), collected by the artificial vagina method. To remove the seminal plasma (SP), the ejaculates were split and submitted to filtration or centrifugation methods. To assess the freezing method, each fraction were submitted to the automated system or the conventional system, and groups were formed: automated centrifuge (AC), automated filtrate (AF), conventional centrifuge (CC) and conventional filtrate (CF).

After thawing (37°C/30 s), were analyzed the sperm kinetic parameters, integrity and functionality of the plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential. Highest sperm concentration (P<0.05) was observed in the filtrate groups; the CF group presented lower (P<0.05) progressive motility and curvilinear velocity compared to the other groups; no difference was observed (P>0.05) among the groups for the membrane integrity and functionality, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, centrifugation is the most indicated technique to remove donkey seminal plasma and the automated and conventional freezing methods can be used in donkey semen conservation.

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Nitrogen resource recovery from mature leachate via heat extraction technology: An engineering project application

A large pool of ammonia in mature leachate is challenging to treat with a membrane bioreactor system to meet the discharge Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste in China (GB 16889-2008) without external carbon source addition. In this study, an engineering leachate treatment project with a scale of 2,000 m³/d was operated to evaluate the ammonia heat extraction system (AHES), which contains preheat, decomposition, steam-stripping, ammonia recovery, and centrifuge dewatering.

The operation results showed that NH₃-N concentrations of raw leachate and treated effluent from an ammonia heat extraction system (AHES) were 1,305-2,485 mg/L and 207-541 mg/L, respectively. The ratio of COD/NH₃-N increased from 1.40-1.84 to 7.69-28.00. Nitrogen was recovered in the form of NH₄HCO₃ by the ammonia recovery tower with the introduction of CO₂, wherein the mature leachate can offer 37% CO₂ consumption. The unit consumptions of steam and power were 8.0% and 2.66 kWh/m³ respectively, and the total operation cost of AHES was 2.06 USD per cubic metre of leachate. These results confirm that heat extraction is an efficient and cost-effective technology for the recovery of nitrogen resource from mature leachate.

Field Determination of Phosphate in Environmental Water by Using a Hand-Powered Paper Centrifuge for Preconcentration and Digital Image Colorimetric Sensing

Phosphate concentration in natural water has been used as a water quality indicator, as it is one of the major nutrients for aquatic plants. However, the traditional phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) method has limited sensitivity for visual or camera-based detection, leading to underestimation of the phosphate concentration. We present an ultralow-cost, rapid field preconcentration and digital image colorimetric sensing of low-concentration phosphate method for water analysis. A novel hand-powered paper centrifuge (paperfuge) is used for sample preparation and preconcentration.

This paperfuge is made of two circular paper discs and a string. Six centrifuge tubes (CTs) originally used as glue dispensing tips with a sample capacity of ∼230 μL, are loaded on the paperfuge. After sampling, phosphate in the water sample is reacted to form PMB. Then, the reacted sample is drawn into a CT using an autopipette before the CT bottom is sealed by glue. After Oasis HLB sorbents are added through the top of the CT, the CT top is also sealed with glue.

The HLB sorbents adsorb PMB and are accumulated in the CT tip through centrifugation. The CT tips are cut and analyzed with the ImageJ software. It was found that the blue color intensity of sorbents is in a linear relationship to the phosphate concentration, with a linear range of 0-5 μM (r ² = 0.9921) and limit of detection of 0.19 μM. In addition, this method has been applied to in-field water analysis. The results are in agreement with the standard PMB method.

Simultaneous determination of 36 hypotensive drugs in fingerprints by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole composite linear ion trap mass spectrometry

Fingerprints contain important information such as the ingredients ingested by the donor. By analyzing the characteristic components in fingerprints, the donor can be characterized, which would provide insights for investigation of a given case. This approach can also be used in the qualitative monitoring of drug intake. Therefore, the examination of hypotensive drugs in fingerprints has significant value in practical application. This study established a method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole composite linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TRAP/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 36 hypotensive drugs in fingerprints.

The pre-treatment method was based on protein precipitation. A 3×3 cm filter paper was cut into pieces and placed in a 2 mL plastic centrifuge tube after fingerprint collection. Then, 0.50 mL methanol was added, followed by vortex mixing for 1 min and ultrasonic oscillation for 3 min. The filter paper was centrifuged at 12000 r/min for 5 min, and the supernatant was withdrawn for sample analysis.

An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) was selected, with 0.01% aqueous formic acid and methanol as mobile phases for gradient elution. MS analysis involved scheduled multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (SMRM-IDA-EPI) scanning. This method could be used to retrieve library researching during high-sensitivity analysis, which could increase the accuracy of qualitative results.

The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.05-50.00 ng/fingerprint, with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99 for all 36 analytes. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of the 36 hypotensive drugs were 0.001-0.045 ng/fingerprint and 0.002-0.050 ng/fingerprint, respectively. At spiked levels of 0.25, 2.50, 25.00 ng/fingerprint, the matrix effects, recoveries, intra-day precisions, and inter-day precisions of the 36 hypotensive drugs were 79.0%-119.2%, 79.3%-116.2%, 0.2%-18.3%, and 1.6%-19.1%, respectively.

This method was used to detect hypotensive drugs in the fingerprints of 87 hypertensive patients, and hypotensive drug intakes were accurately detected in most cases. The established method is operationally simple, with high sensitivity and good selectivity, and it is suitable for screening and testing hypotensive drugs in fingerprints.

Pyridine-functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles synthesized via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly: effect of solution pH

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has become widely recognized as a versatile and efficient strategy to prepare complex block copolymer nanoparticles with controlled morphology, size, and surface functionality. In this article, we report the preparation of cationic sterically-stabilized poly(2-vinylpyridine)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (P2VP-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT-mediated PISA under aqueous emulsion polymerization conditions.

It is demonstrated that the solution pH during PISA has a dramatic effect on the resulting P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles, as judged by dynamic light scattering (DLS), disc centrifuge photosedimentometry (DCP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Varying the solution pH results in the P2VP stabilizer having different solubilities due to protonation/deprotonation of the pyridine groups. This allows P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles with tunable diameters to be prepared by altering the DP of the stabilizer (P2VP) and/or core-forming block (PBzMA), or simply by changing the solution pH for a fixed copolymer composition.

For example, P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles with larger diameters can be obtained at higher solution pH as the protonation degree of the P2VP stabilizer has a large effect on both the aggregation of polymer chains during the PISA process, and the resulting behavior of the diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Changing the dispersion pH post-polymerization has a relatively limited effect on particle diameter. Furthermore, aqueous electrophoresis studies indicate that these P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles had good colloidal stability and high cationic charge (>30 mV) below pH 5 and can be dispersed readily over a wide pH range.

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huangjing (Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua) seedling basal rot caused by Fusarium redolens in China

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In April 2020, severe diseases with about 40% seedling losse was found in the Huangjing seedling base in Shiyan city, Hubei province. The symptoms included softening and decay of the roots and stem bases, a progressive yellowing and wilting of leaves, and finally being completely rotted. Small pieces of symptomatic stems (0.5 cm in length) and leaves (0.5 × 0.5 cm in size) were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, and then dried with sterilized absorbent paper.

The sections were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium containing 10 µg/ml of ampicillin and incubated at 25°C in the dark. After 3 days incubation, eight isolates with the same colony morphology were sub-cultured and purified by hyphal tip isolation. Macroconidia were sickle-shaped, 15.8 – 32.3 × 3.1 – 5.6 μm (n = 25), and three to five septate.

Microconidia were oval or kidney-shaped, 5.2 – 11.4 × 2.0 – 3.2 μm (n = 25), and zero to one septate. To confirm the identity of the pathogen, molecular identification was performed with strain HJCD1. Following DNA extraction, PCR was performed using the TSINGKE 2×T5 Direct PCR Mix kit. Target areas of amplification were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α) using ITS1/4 (White et al. 1990) , EF1/EF2 (Taylor et al. 2016), respectively.

Following BLAST searches and phylogenetic reconstruction, the ITS region (GenBank MW485770.1) showed 99% identity with those of Fusarium redolens in GenBank (KU350713.1) and the TEF-1α (GenBank MW503930.1) showed 100% identity with F. redolens GenBank (MK922537.1). Pathogenicity tests were performed to fulfill Koch’s postulates. Huangjing seedlings were rinsed with sterile water, wiped clean with sterile absorbent paper, and transferred to a tray covered with wet filter paper to maintain high humidity.

The mycelial piugs of F. redolens HJCD1 were inoculated onto the surface of leaves and basal stems. Controls were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. The inoculated seedlings were sealed with plastic wrap, and then cultivated in a 25 ℃ growth chamber with 16 h of light per day. The pathogen-inoculated plants exhibited etiolation and typical wilt symptoms after 4 days, whereas no symptoms were observed in the control plants. F. redolens was reisolated from the infected tissues, and colony morphology and ITS sequence of re-isolates were same as that of HJCD1. The pathogen has been reported previously in american ginseng in China (Fan et al. 2021), lentil in Pakistan (Rafique et al. 2020), and wild rocket in United Kingdom (Taylor et al. 2019).

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However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. redolent causing seelding basal rot on Duohua huangjing in China. References: White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Taylor, A., et al. 2016. Mol. Plant Pathol. 17:1032. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12346 Fan, S. H., et al. 2021. Plant Dis. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2519-PDN Rafique, K., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 9:104. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2519-PDN Taylor, A., et al. 2019. Plant Dis.6:103.

PDN Funding: Science Funds for Young Scholar of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science (grant no. 2020NKYJJ20), National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System (grant no. CARS-21), Technology R&D Program of Enshi (grant no. D20190015), Science Funds for Young Scholar of Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (grant no. 2019ZYCJJ03), Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crops of Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China / Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control (grant no.2020ZTSJJ6).

First report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI Causing Stem Canker on Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) in China

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an ideal functional food source, which is well known to be gluten-free and rich in proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids of various pharmaceutical uses, such as rutin, quercitin and epicatechin (Zhou, M et al. 2018). The Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGIII causing severe canker disease was first isolated from common buckwheat (F. esculentum) in Inner Mongolia of China (Zhou, H et al. 2015).

In 2018, sunken lesion and dark brown symptoms were observed on the root and stem of ten days old Tartary buckwheat in Liangshan (28°21’N, 103°19”E), Sichuan Province and Fenghuang (28°19′ N, 109°48′ E), Hunan Province in China. In the beginning, water-soaked spots appeared on the stem base, where gradually became rotten and necrotic, finally resulting in the damping-off and death of buckwheat seedlings.

This disease had over 40% incidence and lead to serious losses to the buckwheat production in 2018. To isolate the pathogens on Tartary buckwheat, ten plants with typical symptoms were collected from each location.

The infected tissue was taken and cut into 3mm pieces from the margin between healthy and diseased tissue, surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 4 min, washed three times with sterile distilled water, dried on sterilized filter paper and then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with 100 mg/ml streptomycin sulfate. After incubation at 28℃ in the dark for 2 days, mycelial tips of four fungal cultures were transferred to PDA plates for purification. Initially, colonies were pale white, and then turned brown after 2 days of incubation.

The mycelium was hairy and concentrically whorled in the culture medium. Microscopic observation showed that the hyphae characteristically branched at right angles and had constriction at the base of hyphal branches. Nuclear staining showed that the hyphae cells were multinuclear. These morphological features revealed that the isolates belonged to R. solani (Sneh et al. 1991). Subsequently, the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of one isolate was amplified by PCR (White et al. 1990) and sequenced (GeneBank accession no. MT078642) by Shanghai Majorbio Bio-pharm Technology Co.,Ltd. DNA was extracted by Fungal genomic DNA Extraction Kit, D3390-02, OMEGA. The BLAST similarity analysis showed a 99.96% match with R. solani AG-4 HGI (GenBank accession no. JQ343830) and 99.85% identity to R. solani AG-4 HGI isolate SX-8 (GenBank accession no. KJ170346) (Suli, Sun et al. 2015).

Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis performed by the neighbour-joining method (MEGA 7 software) showed that the isolate was clearly clustered with the group of R. solani AG-4 HGI (Ireland et al. 2015). Pathogenicity was tested in the greenhouse condition to satisfy Koch’s postulates. Tartary buckwheat plants of seven days old and fifty days old were respectively inoculated near the base of the stem neck with one mycelial plug contacted directly.

Ten plants in a pot were inoculated as one treatment, four pots were used for replicates. Control plants were inoculated with PDA medium plugs without fungi. All the plants were kept at 26℃ with 14 h light, 10 h dark and 96% humidity.

After five days (Suli, Sun et al. 2015), over 90% of the inoculated plants exhibited necrotic brown lesions on stems that was similar to those symptoms observed in the field, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. The visible characteristics and ITS sequence of the pathogen re-isolated from symptomatic plants were in accordance with the original isolate (R. solani AG-4 HGI).

Based on disease symptoms in the fields, morphological characteristics, ITS sequence analysis, and pathogenicity assay, we concluded that R. solani AG-4 HGI was the principle cause of Tartary buckwheat blight in Liangshan, Sichuan Province and Fenghuang, Hunan Province in China. Previously, R. solani AG-4 HGI has been identified as a Chinese chive pathogen (Shi, Y et al. 2017). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI affecting Tartary Buckwheat in China. This finding is helpful for the early diagnosis and identification of the disease, which will be the guiding of effective control methods to the devastating disease at the early stage.

Phytophthora cactorum as a Pathogen Associated with Root Rot on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in China

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the largest grown pasture crop in China due to its economic and ecological importance. During the summer season from June to August in 2018, stunted plants was frequently observed in alfalfa fields that have been established for two years in Jinchang, Gansu Province. The disease incidence of root rot ranged from 40% to 50%. Taproots of stunted plants showed red-brown to dark brown discolorations, and lateral roots were poorly developed. Shoots wilted with rotted taproots and lateral roots in severely affected plants.

Twenty symptomatic plants were collected and transported to the laboratory for pathogen isolations. Roots were washed under running tap water, cut into 2 to 3 mm pieces (40 pieces each plant), and then sterilized in 75% ethanol for 2 mins followed by three times washing with autoclaved distilled water. Surface dried pieces on autoclaved filter papers were put onto water agar and also a Phytophthora selective medium P5ARP(H) (Jeffers and Martin 1986). The plates were incubated at 22°C for 3 to 5 days and then the growing hypha were subcultured onto potato dextrose agar (PDA).

Thirty-two Phytophthora-like isolates were obtained and showed similar morphologies on PDA. Five isolates picked randomly were purified by single-hyphal-tip and plugs (4 to 5 mm) from PDA cultures were incubated in petri dishes with autoclaved distilled water at 22°C for 5 days. Sporangia, chlamydospores and oospores were examined. Sporangia were usually ovoid and sometimes appeared ellipsoid, with the length of 30.5-39.1 μm and width of 23.4-27.8 μm.

The diameter of chlamydospores was 29.6 to 42.5μm. Oospores had a diameter of 23.6 to 30.2 μm. The isolates were tentatively identified as P. cactorum based on these morphology characteristics (Montealegre et al. 2016). DNA of these isolates were extracted and PCR amplifications of the rDNA ITS region and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (Cox I) (Kroon et al. 2004) were conducted. Sequences of these isolates were then compared with reference sequences in GenBank using BLAST search.

The 866-bp ITS sequences had a sequence identity of 99% to 100% with P. cactorum (e.g. accession nos. EU662221, KJ128036). In addition, the 663-bp CoxI sequences showed 100% sequence identity with three P. cactorum isolates (accession nos. AB688156, HQ708234, EU660851). The ITS and CoxI sequences of one representative isolate Phy.c2 have been deposited in GenBank with the accession no. MT280033 and MT344138, respectively.

Pathogenicity of the five isolates (Phy.c1-Phy.c5) were determined on two-week-old alfalfa seedlings (cv. Longdong) grown from seeds. Inoculums were prepared by subculturing agar plugs from edges of PDA cultures into the flask with autoclaved millet seeds, and incubated at 22°C in darkness for two weeks and shaken by hand every two days to ensure uniform colonization. Seedlings were transplanted into pots (12 cm x 12 cm) filled with autoclaved potting mix infested with millet-seed inoculum of each isolate at a rate of 0.5% (w/w). Control seedlings for comparison were transplanted into pots with uninfested potting mix.

There were five seedlings per pot and twelve replicate pots for both inoculated and noninoculated treatments, and pots were kept under controlled environment room (22°C, 12 h photoperiod and 65% relative humidity) that were watered every two days to free draining. 87%~92% of the inoculated plants showed stunted symptoms with poorly developed and brown-discoloured roots three weeks after inoculation while the control plants were healthy with no root disease symptoms.

Phytophthora spp. has been reported causing root rot on alfalfa in America, Australia and Canada, and other legumes such as chickpea, and many other crops worldwide (Musial et al. 2005; Tan and Tan 1986; Vandemark and Barker 2003), and P. cactorum was reported as a root rot pathogen on lavender in China (Chen et al. 2017). P. cactorum may be a significant pathogen associated with root rot in major commercial alfalfa-producing areas in China where are based on flood-irrigation during the growth season.

To fulfill Koch’s postulates, re-isolated cultures from discoloured root tissues were confirmed as the inoculated isolates by morphological examination and ITS sequencing. The five-purified isolates were submitted to the Grassland Culture Collection Center, Lanzhou University, with the accession nos. LZU-MsR-Phy.c1-Phy.c5. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cactorum as a pathogen of root rot on alfalfa in China.

AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-10	AffiGEN	10µL-960Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-100	AffiGEN	100µL-960Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-1000	AffiGEN	1000µL-768Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-1000X	AffiGEN	1000µLExtendedLength-960Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-10X	AffiGEN	10µLExtendedLength-960Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-1250	AffiGEN	1250µL-768Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-20	AffiGEN	20µL-960Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-200	AffiGEN	200µL-960Tips	32 EUR
AffiPCR® Filter Tips
AFG-FT-300	AffiGEN	300µL-960Tips	32 EUR
Filter tips 1000 µl for FX - 16x 96 tips
RS847-FX-TIPS-1000	Westburg	each	346.62 EUR
50UL UNIVERSAL FIT FILTER TIPS
TF-50	CORNING	1000/pk	501.6 EUR
100UL UNIVERSAL FIT FILTER TIPS
TF-100	CORNING	1000/pk	501.6 EUR
1000UL UNIVERSAL FIT FILTER TIPS
TF-1000	CORNING	1000/pk	278.4 EUR
200UL UNIVERSAL FIT FILTER TIPS
TF-200	CORNING	1000/pk	501.6 EUR
300UL UNIVERSAL FIT FILTER TIPS
TF-350	CORNING	1000/pk	501.6 EUR
100UL "MAXYMUM RECOVERY" FILTER TIPS
TF-100-L	CORNING	1000/pk	547.2 EUR
20UL FILTER TIPS FOR P-20
TF-20	CORNING	1000/pk	501.6 EUR
ClipTip 12.5µl Filter Tips Sterile - 10 racks of 96 tips
TH94420043	Westburg	each	104.1 EUR
ClipTip 1250µl Filter Tips Sterile - 8 racks of 96 tips
TH94420813	Westburg	each	115 EUR
ClipTip 384 12.5µl Filter Tips Sterile - 10 racks of 384 tips
TH94420053	Westburg	each	752.1 EUR
ClipTip 384 30µl Filter Tips Sterile - 10 racks of 384 tips
TH94420103	Westburg	each	752.1 EUR
ClipTip 384 125µl Filter Tips Sterile - 10 racks of 384 tips
TH94420153	Westburg	each	746.65 EUR
ClipTip 1250µl Filter Tips Sterile reload - 8 insets of 96 tips
TH94420818	Westburg	each	111.73 EUR
MultiGuard 200 µl Filter Tips Rack 10x96
MU14220	Westburg	each	88.29 EUR
MultiGuard 100 µl Filter Tips Rack 10x96
MU36060	Westburg	each	88.29 EUR
MultiGuard 1000 µl Filter Tips Rack 10x100
MU14200	Westburg	each	91.56 EUR
D.A.R.T.'S Filter Tips 100µl, 384 head, Sterile (7680)
MA5328	Westburg	each	2577.85 EUR

kinetics in microtiter plates for improved surface assay quantitation and multiplexing capabilities

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MTPs provide many advantages but are often detrimental to surface assay efficiency due to inherent mass transport limitations. Microscale flows can overcome these and largely improve assay kinetics. However, the disruptive nature of microfluidics with existing labware and protocols has narrowed its transformative potential. We present WellProbe, a novel microfluidic concept compatible with MTPs.

With it, we show that immunoassays become more sensitive at low concentrations (up to 9× signal improvement in 12x less time), richer in information with 3-4 different kinetic conditions, and can be used to estimate kinetic parameters, minimize washing steps and non-specific binding, and identify compromised results. We further multiplex single-well assays combining WellProbe’s kinetic regions with tailored microarrays. Finally, we demonstrate our system in a context of immunoglobulin subclass evaluation, increasingly regarded as clinically relevant.

Automation for Life Science Laboratories

The automation of processes in all areas of the life sciences will continue to increase in the coming years due to an ever increasing number of samples to be processed, an increasing need to protect laboratory personnel from infectious material and increasing cost pressure. Depending on the requirements of the respective application, different concepts for automation systems are available, which have a different degree of automation with regard to data handling, transportation tasks, and the processing of the samples.
More Details

Robots form a central component of these automation concepts. Classic stationary robots from the industrial sector will increasingly be replaced by new developments in the field of light-weight robots.
In addition, mobile robots will also be of particular importance in the automation of life science laboratories in the future, especially for transportation tasks between different manual and (partially) automated stations.
With an increasing number of different, highly diverse processes, the need for special devices and system components will also increase.
This applies to both, the handling of the labware and the processing of the samples. In contrast to previous automation strategies with a highly parallel approach, future developments will increasingly be characterized by individual sample handling.

Fluorescence-based Single-cell Analysis of Whole-mount-stained and Cleared Microtissues and Organoids for High Throughput Screening

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, especially in the form of organ-like microtissues (“organoids”), has emerged as a novel tool potentially mimicking human tissue biology more closely than standard two-dimensional culture. Typically, tissue sectioning is the standard method for immunohistochemical analysis. However, it removes cells from their native niche and can result in the loss of 3D context during analyses.

Automated workflows require parallel processing and analysis of hundreds to thousands of samples, and sectioning is mechanically complex, time-intensive, and thus less suited for automated workflows.
Here, we present a simple protocol for combined whole-mount immunostaining, tissue-clearing, and optical analysis of large-scale (approx. 1 mm) 3D tissues with single-cell level resolution.
While the protocol can be performed manually, it was specifically designed to be compatible with high-throughput applications and automated liquid handling systems.
This approach is freely scalable and allows parallel automated processing of large sample numbers in standard labware.
We have successfully applied the protocol to human mid- and forebrain organoids, but, in principle, the workflow is suitable for a variety of 3D tissue samples to facilitate the phenotypic discovery of cellular behaviors in 3D cell culture-based high-throughput screens.
Graphic abstract: Automatable organoid clearing and high-content analysis workflow and timeline.

Gold-Polyoxoborates Nanocomposite Prohibits Adsorption of Bacteriophages on Inner Surfaces of Polypropylene Labware and Protects Samples from Bacterial and Yeast Infections

Bacteriophages (phages) are a specific type of viruses that infect bacteria. Because of growing antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains, phage-based therapies are becoming more and more attractive. The critical problem is the storage of bacteriophages. Recently, it was found that bacteriophages might adsorb on the surfaces of plastic containers, effectively decreasing the titer of phage suspensions.

Here, we showed that a BOA nanocomposite (gold nanoparticles embedded in polyoxoborate matrix) deposited onto the inner walls of the containers stabilizes phage suspensions against uncontrolled adsorption and titer decrease. Additionally, BOA provides antibacterial and antifungal protection. The application of BOA assures safe and sterile means for the storage of bacteriophages.

Adsorption of bacteriophages on polypropylene labware affects the reproducibility of phage research

Hydrophobicity is one of the most critical factors governing the adsorption of molecules and objects, such as virions, on surfaces. Even moderate change of wetting angle of plastic surfaces causes a drastic decrease ranging from 2 to 5 logs of the viruses (e.g., T4 phage) in the suspension due to adsorption on polymer vials’ walls.

The effect varies immensely in seemingly identical containers but purchased from different vendors. Comparison of glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene containers revealed a threshold in the wetting angle of around 95°: virions adsorb on the surface of more hydrophobic containers, while in more hydrophilic vials, phage suspensions are stable.
The polypropylene surface of the Eppendorf-type and Falcon-type can accommodate from around 10⁸ PFU/ml to around 10¹⁰ PFU/ml from the suspension.
The adsorption onto the container’s wall might result in complete scavenging of virions from the bulk. We developed two methods to overcome this issue.
The addition of surfactant Tween20 and/or plasma treatment provides a remedy by modulating surface wettability and inhibiting virions’ adsorption.
Plastic containers are essential consumables in the daily use of many bio-laboratories.
Thus, this is important not only for phage-related research (e.g., the use of phage therapies as an alternative for antibiotics) but also for data comparison and reproducibility in the field of biochemistry and virology.

Resonant acoustic rheometry for non-contact characterization of viscoelastic biomaterials

Resonant Acoustic Rheometry (RAR) is a new, non-contact technique to characterize the mechanical properties of soft and viscoelastic biomaterials, such as hydrogels, that are used to mimic the extracellular matrix in tissue engineering. RAR uses a focused ultrasound pulse to generate a microscale perturbation at the sample surface and tracks the ensuing surface wave using pulse-echo ultrasound. The frequency spectrum of the resonant surface waves is analyzed to extract viscoelastic material properties.

In this study, RAR was used to characterize fibrin, gelatin, and agarose hydrogels. Single time point measurements of gelled samples with static mechanical properties showed that RAR provided consistent quantitative data and measured intrinsic material characteristics independent of ultrasound parameters. RAR was also used to longitudinally track dynamic changes in viscoelastic properties over the course of fibrin gelation, revealing distinct phase and material property transitions.

The application of RAR was verified using finite element modeling and the results were validated against rotational shear rheometry. Importantly, RAR circumvents some limitations of conventional rheology methods and can be performed in a high-throughput manner using conventional labware. Overall, these studies demonstrate that RAR can be a valuable tool to noninvasively quantify the viscoelastic mechanical properties of soft hydrogel biomaterials.

Micro Labware Kit
LA025-1NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	16.29 EUR
Micro Labware Kit
LA025-5NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	72.8 EUR
Gentodenz
19-DENZ-500	Gentaur Genprice	500 g	416 EUR
Rye Agar A
765-M1854-500G	Gentaur Genprice	500 g	82 EUR
Rye Agar B
765-M1855-500G	Gentaur Genprice	500 g	93 EUR
Porcine Parvovirus Antibody Elisa Test Kit
767-LSY-30009	Gentaur Genprice	192 Wells/kit	382 EUR
QuantiChrom Hemoglobin Assay Kit
65-DIHB-250	Gentaur Genprice	250 tests	473 EUR
Malachite Green Phosphate Assay kit
65-POMG-25H	Gentaur Genprice	2500 tests	333 EUR
50ml TC Tubes, Conical, 440 units/box
04-5540150	Gentaur Genprice	440 units/box	85.2 EUR
GMP IL4, 50µg
04-GMP-HU-IL4-50UG	Gentaur Genprice	50µg	579.6 EUR
SDS-Blue™ - Coomassie based solution for protein staining in SDS-PAGE
04-GSB	Gentaur Genprice	Ask for price Ask for price	1L 500mL
rHu IL 2 , 3MIU
04-RHIL2-02F01	Gentaur Genprice	1 vial	298.8 EUR
rHu IL 2 , 3MIU , Lot 200908F02
04-RHIL2-08F02	Gentaur Genprice	1 vial	298.8 EUR
PRE-GMP rHu GM-CSF, Molgramostim-Leukoma
04-RHUGM-CSF-7A10	Gentaur Genprice	300 µg	462 EUR
Mouse Anti TNP Immunotoxicity
198-TNPG-1	Gentaur Genprice	100 µL	469.2 EUR
Exo-Check Exosome Antibody Array
322-EXO-FBS-50A-1	Gentaur Genprice	100 µg	469.2 EUR
1-Step Polymorphs, Human Cell Separation
71-AN221725	Gentaur Genprice	1	238.8 EUR
Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit
ZD-0076-01	Gentaur Genprice	25 tests/kit	Ask for price
Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit
ZD-0076-02	Gentaur Genprice	25 tests/kit	Ask for price
GMP Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
GMPhuIL-4-50ug	Gentaur Genprice	50ug	528 EUR
Purite Labwater 1 Deioniser Cartridge - EACH
WAT3314	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	176.85 EUR
Purite Labwater 2 Deioniser Cartridge - EACH
WAT3316	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	264.6 EUR
Purite Labwater 1 Water Deioniser with Coil and Gun - EACH
WAT3002	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	831.6 EUR
Purite Labwater 2 Water Deioniser with Coil and Gun - EACH
WAT3006	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	1026 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin)
MBS600426-025mg	MyBiosource	0.25mg	580 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin)
MBS600426-05mg	MyBiosource	0.5mg	965 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin)
MBS600426-5x05mg	MyBiosource	5x0.5mg	4185 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin) (AP)
MBS6124654-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1(mL	1100 EUR
Gentamycin (Gentamicin) (AP)
MBS6124654-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	4805 EUR

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NFkB p105/p50

NFkB p105/p50

NFkB p105/p50

NFkB p105/p50

NFkB p105/p50

NFkB p105/p50

NFkB p105/p50

Rat Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Goat Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Mouse Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Human Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Sheep Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Monkey Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Canine Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Rabbit Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)

Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)

Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)

Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)

Rec 15/2615 (hydrochloride)

Recovering metal(loids) and rare earth elements from closed landfill sites without excavation: Leachate recirculation opportunities and challenges

Amino acid pattern of rumen microorganisms in cattle fed mixed diets-An update

Sustainable phosphorus management in soil using bone apatite

Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter as disinfection byproduct precursors by UV/fluorescence and ESI FT-ICR MS after smoldering combustion of leaf needles and woody trunks of pine (Pinus jeffreyi)

Turnover Stoppers 6.5mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 8mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 9.5mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 12.5mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 17.5mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 20.5mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 25.5mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 11mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 14mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 16mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 19mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 22mm - PK10

Turnover Stoppers 24mm - PK10

Stoppers B12/21 PE STOPPER RED INSERT - PK10

Stoppers B19/26 PE STOPPER RED INSERT - PK10

Lock Stoppers Butyrometer GERBAL F - PK10

Cellulose

Methyl Cellulose #1500

Methyl Cellulose #4000

Methyl Cellulose #1500

Methyl Cellulose #1500

Methyl Cellulose #4000

Methyl Cellulose #4000

α-Cellulose

Methyl Cellulose #400

Methyl Cellulose #100

Methyl Cellulose #100

Methyl Cellulose #400

Immune Checkpoint LAG3 and Its Ligand FGL1 in Cancer

Futility in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Search for Clarity

Medical Imaging Biomarker Discovery and Integration Towards AI-Based Personalized Radiotherapy

Computational Methods for Single-Cell Imaging and Omics Data Integration

Procedure-Related Access Site Pain Multimodal Management following Percutaneous Cardiac Intervention: A Randomized Control Trial

Gentodenz

Rye Agar A

Rye Agar B

Porcine Parvovirus Antibody Elisa Test Kit

QuantiChrom Hemoglobin Assay Kit

Malachite Green Phosphate Assay kit

50ml TC Tubes, Conical, 440 units/box

GMP IL4, 50µg

SDS-Blue™ - Coomassie based solution for protein staining in SDS-PAGE

rHu IL 2 , 3MIU

rHu IL 2 , 3MIU , Lot 200908F02

PRE-GMP rHu GM-CSF, Molgramostim-Leukoma

Mouse Anti TNP Immunotoxicity

Exo-Check Exosome Antibody Array

1-Step Polymorphs, Human Cell Separation

Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit

Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit

GMP Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

Gelonin

Gelonin

Gentamycin (Gentamicin)

Gentamycin (Gentamicin)

Gentamycin (Gentamicin)