Detergent – Christian Health Association of Ghana, original RealCycler CHAG

Development during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of coronavirus testing and functional labs

Megan Detergent, RCCS February 12, 2022cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate filter, cellulose aerogel, cellulose chemical formula, cellulose definition, cellulose fiber, cellulose fibrils, cellulose formula, cellulose function, cellulose gel, cellulose glucose, cellulose gum, cellulose insulation, cellulose journal, cellulose meaning, cellulose nanofibril, cellulose nitrate, cellulose powder, cellulose sponge, cellulose structure, cellulose synthase, cellulose 翻译, cellulosenitrat, microorganisms and ocean global change, microorganisms can be transmitted through, microorganisms class 8, microorganisms definition, microorganisms examples, microorganisms for kids, microorganisms friend and foe, microorganisms friend and foe class 8, microorganisms images, microorganisms impact factor, microorganisms in food, microorganisms in food production, microorganisms in soil, microorganisms in water, microorganisms journal, microorganisms journal impact factor, microorganisms mdpi, microorganisms meaning, microorganisms on mars, microorganisms photos hd, microorganisms synonym, microorganisms that cause disease, microorganisms that cause disease are called, microorganisms types 0 Comment

This study analyzes the money supply reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional panel of 115 countries. The study used robust least square regression and innovation accounting techniques to get sound parameter estimates.

The results show that COVID-19 infected cases are the main contributing factor that obstructs financial activities and decrease money supply. In contrast, an increasing number of recovered cases and COVID-19 testing capabilities gave investors confidence to increase stock trade across countries. The overall forecast trend shows that COVID-19 infected cases and recovered cases followed the U-shaped trend, while COVID-19 critical cases and reported deaths showed a decreasing trend.

Finally, the money supply and testing capacity show a positive trend over a period. The study concludes that financial development can be expanded by increasing the testing capacity of Gentaur Cellulose Stoppers and functional labs to identify suspected coronavirus cases globally.

Recovering metal(loids) and rare earth elements from closed landfill sites without excavation: Leachate recirculation opportunities and challenges

Metal (loids) and Rare Earth Elements (REE) (‘metals’) are used in a wide range of products, and therefore, the improvement of expectations for everyday comforts with demand continues to grow. Metal-bearing wastes are a secondary source of raw material that can meet this demand by providing a previously unconsidered low impact supply source. Total annual leachate production is 1,056,716 m³. Therefore, landfill leachate emerges as a significant potential resource as it contains high concentrations of metals. However, realising a profitable return on investment for leachate processing is a challenge due to relatively low recovery rates of approximately 0.02% of total heavy metals in a landfill being leached out in 30 years.

More Details

Variation within the multi-element value and the effect of other chemicals in these complex mixtures. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms and potential applicability of extraction methods for optimising metals recovery from leachate. This paper addresses this need by providing a systematic review of the critical factors and environmental conditions that influence the behaviour of metals within the landfilled waste.

The paper provides a synthesis of how the factors and conditions may affect leachate recirculation efficiency for recovery in the context of a range of opportunities and challenges facing circular economy practitioners. To approach feasibility metal recovery economically from landfill leachate without energy-intensive and environmentally destructive, future research actions need to be initiated in lab-based and later on semi-pilot to pilot studies, which the review can help achieve the challenges.

Amino acid pattern of rumen microorganisms in cattle fed mixed diets-An update

Rumen microorganisms turn small N-containing compounds into amino acids (AA) and contribute considerably to the supply of AA absorbed from the small intestine. Previous studies summarized the literature on microbial AA patterns, most recently in 2017 (Sok et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 100, 5241-5249). The present study intended to identify the microbial AA pattern typical when feeding Central European diets and a maximum proportion of concentrate (PCO; dry matter (DM) basis) of 0.60.

Data sets were created from the literature for liquid (LAB)- and particle (PAB)-associated bacteria, total bacteria and protozoa, including 16, 9, 27 and 8 studies and 36, 21, 60 and 18 diets respectively. Because the only differences detected between LAB and PAB were slightly higher Phe and lower Thr percentages in PAB (p < 0.05), results for bacteria were pooled. A further data set evaluated AA-N (AAN) as a proportion of total N in microbial fractions and a final data set estimated protozoal contributions to total microbial N (TMN) flow to the duodenum, which were used to calculate weighted TMN AA patterns.

Protozoa showed higher Lys, Asp, Glu, Ile and Phe and lower Ala, Arg, Gly, Met, Ser, Thr and Val proportions than bacteria (p < 0.05). The AAN percentage of total N in bacteria and protozoa showed large, unexplained variations, averaging 79.0% and 70.6% (p > 0.05) respectively.

Estimation of protozoal contribution to TMN resulted in a cattle-specific mixed model including PCO and DM intake (DMI) per unit of metabolic body size (kg^0.75 ) as fixed effects (RMSE = 3.77). With moderate PCO and DMI between 80 and 180 g/kg^0.75 , which corresponds to a DMI of approximately 10 to 25 kg in a cow with 650 kg body weight, protozoal contribution ranged between 9% and 26% of TMN. Within this range, the estimated protozoal contribution to TMN resulted in minor effects on the total microbial AA pattern.

Sustainable phosphorus management in soil using bone apatite

Soil fertility and phosphorus management by bone apatite amendment are receiving increasing attention, yet further research is needed to integrate the physicochemical and mineralogical transformation of bone apatite and their impact on the supply and storage of phosphorus in soil. This study has examined bone transformation in the field over a span of 10-years using a set of synchrotron-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) observations reveal the in-situ deterioration of bone osteocyte-canaliculi system and sub-micron microbial tunneling within a year. Extensive organic decomposition, secondary mineral formation and re-mineralization of apatite are evident from the 3rd year.

The relative ratio of (v₁ + v₃) PO₄^3- to v₃ CO₃^2- and to amide I increase, and the v_3c PO₄^3- peak exhibits a blue-shift in less than 3 years. The carbonate substitution of bone hydroxyapatite (HAp) to AB-type CHAp, and phosphate crystallographic rearrangement become apparent after 10 years’ aging. The overall CO₃^2- peak absorbance increases over time, contributing to a higher acid susceptibility in the aged bone.

The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) binding energies for Ca (2p), P (2p) and O (1s) exhibit a red-shift after 1 year because of organo-mineral interplay and a blue-shift starting from the 3rd year as a result of the de-coupling of mineral and organic components. Nutrient supply to soil occurs within months via organo-mineral decoupling and demineralization.

More phosphorus has been released from the bones and enriched in the associated and adjacent soils over time. Lab incubation studies reveal prominent secondary mineral formation via re-precipitation at a pH similar to that in soil, which are highly amorphous and carbonate substituted and prone to further dissolution in an acidic environment. Our high-resolution observations reveal a stage-dependent microbial decomposition, phosphorus dissolution and immobilization via secondary mineral formation over time. The active cycling of phosphorus within the bone and its interplay with adjacent soil account for a sustainable supply and storage of phosphorus nutrients.

Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter as disinfection byproduct precursors by UV/fluorescence and ESI FT-ICR MS after smoldering combustion of leaf needles and woody trunks of pine (Pinus jeffreyi)

Forested land plays an essential role in water supply across the United States (US). Smoldering commonly existing in wildfires contributes significantly to biomass consumption and gas emission, but its influence on source water quality has been rarely studied. Here, we investigated the impact of smoldering temperature (i.e., no burn, 250, 400, and 600 °C) on the nutrients, elements, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) of water extracts from the residues of the leaf needles and woody trunks of pine (Pinus jeffreyi) under the lab-simulated smoldering fire. Results showed the increase of pH and the yields of the dominated exchangeable cations of K⁺ and Mg²⁺, P, PO₄^3--P, and SO₄^2- with increasing temperature increasing from 250 to 600 °C, whereas significant decreases in the fraction of dissolved organic C in residue C with increasing temperature and the yields of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) after burnings.

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) presented consistent results with UV/fluorescence, suggesting that the unburned materials contained more biodegradable tyrosine/tryptophan/soluble microbial byproduct-like compounds with high molecular weight (MW), whereas the 600 °C-smoldering materials composed of more aromatic, humified, fulvic/humic acid-like, and oxidized compounds with a potentially high density of C=C bonds had less reactivity in forming trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs). Our study indicates the smoldering-dominated prescribed fire as a potential forest management strategy for reducing biomass fuel and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) precursors in source water from forested lands.

Turnover Stoppers 6.5mm
STO6300	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	9.88 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 8mm
STO6302	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	8.69 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 9.5mm
STO6304	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	11.53 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 11mm
STO6306	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	11.38 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 12.5mm
STO6308	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	9.88 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 14mm
STO6310	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	10.34 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 16mm
STO6312	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	12.28 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 17.5mm
STO6314	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	14.66 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 19mm
STO6316	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	19.39 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 20.5mm
STO6318	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	22.12 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 22mm
STO6320	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	27.51 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 24mm
STO6322	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	28.45 EUR
Turnover Stoppers 25.5mm
STO6324	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	29.16 EUR
a-Cellulose
abx089252-1kg	Abbexa	1 kg	292.8 EUR
Hydroxyethyl cellulose
20-abx184119	Abbexa	260.40 EUR 360.00 EUR	100 g 500 g
Hydroxypropyl Cellulose
B1771-50	ApexBio	50 mg	153.6 EUR
Methyl cellulose
GC0717-1KG	Glentham Life Sciences	1 kg	206.4 EUR
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
GC4566-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	66 EUR
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
GC4566-1KG	Glentham Life Sciences	1 kg	217.2 EUR
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
GC4566-250G	Glentham Life Sciences	250 g	94.8 EUR
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
GC4566-25G	Glentham Life Sciences	25 g	49.2 EUR
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
GC4566-500G	Glentham Life Sciences	500 g	140.4 EUR
Hydroxyethyl cellulose
HY-B2221B	MedChemExpress	500mg	129.6 EUR
Methyl cellulose
HY-125861	MedChemExpress	500mg	129.6 EUR
Lock Stoppers Butyrometer GERBAL F
BUT1010	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	80.34 EUR
cellulose acetate unit
EHCA1200-SYS	Consort	ea	432 EUR
Potassium clavulanate cellulose
HY-19964	MedChemExpress	500mg	721.2 EUR
DEAE-Cellulose, preswollen
GE2726-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	399.6 EUR

Antitermite Properties of Wood Extracts from Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Leguminosae) against Subterranean Termites

Megan Detergent, RNA February 12, 2022define filter paper, filter paper advantec, filter paper and funnel, filter paper chemistry, filter paper chromatography, filter paper disc, filter paper folding, filter paper function, filter paper grades, filter paper hs code, filter paper laboratory observation, filter paper pore size, filter paper price, filter paper roll, filter paper sheets, filter paper unit, filter paper whatman, j whatman paper, old whatman paper, papermaking james whatman, plasmid whatman paper, whatman filter paper grades, whatman filter paper sizes, whatman paper 1, whatman paper 5, whatman paper chromatography, whatman paper company, whatman paper filter, whatman paper grades, whatman paper mill, whatman paper no. 1, whatman paper sizes, whatman paper training tools, whatman paper western blot 0 Comment

Termites’ mortality was determined in each case of extract and solvent treated Whatman filter paper. Finally, wooden blocks of poplar (19×19×19 mm) were treated with extracts and respective solvents and exposed to termites in the field for 28 days. Minimum mean weight loss was observed in dried P. pinnata (6.38%), followed by fresh P. pinnata in choice tests.

In no-choice tests, dried P. pinnata was comparatively resistant with a weight loss of 12.37%, followed by fresh P. pinnata and P. deltoides. In toxicity bioassay, ethyl acetate-based wood extracts caused the highest mortality (41.66%), followed by petroleum ether, hexane, and water extracts at 10 mg/ml concentration. Similarly, ethyl acetate-based extracts showed maximum repellency (100%) followed by petroleum ether extracts at 10 mg/ml and ethyl acetate at 5 mg/ml after 60 min of termite exposure. Minimum wood losses were observed in woods treated with ethyl acetate extracts compared to control and other treatments in field experiments.

Isolation of Halomicroarcula pellucida strain GUMF5, an archaeon from the Dead Sea-Israel possessing cellulase

A strain designated GUMF5 was isolated in Goa-India from sediments of Dead Sea-Israel and identified as haloarchaeon Halomicroarcula pellucida based on 16S rRNA gene analysis similarity value of 99.84%. Strain GUMF5 grew on mineral salts medium with 20% NaCl and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) as a sole source of carbon and produced haloextremozyme cellulase. The enzyme was concentrated using Sephadex G20, precipitated with ethanol, dialyzed and retentate purified using Sephadex G200, the size exclusion chromatography. A yield of 78.53% cellulase with an activity of 131.13 U/mg and 1.24-fold purity was obtained. More Details

The purified cellulase had optimum activity at 20% NaCl, at 40 ºC, 0.5% CMC-Na, pH 7 and 150 rpm. SDS-PAGE combined with zymographic analysis revealed the molecular weight of cellulase as 240 kDa, 40 kDa and 17.4 kDa. The activity of the enzyme was stimulated by metallic cations in the order of Ca⁺² > Mn⁺² > Mg⁺² > SO₄ ^2- > NH₄ ⁺ and was inhibited by Ag⁺ > Fe⁺² > Cu⁺². Methanol and ethanol enhanced the cellulase activity by 6% and 26%, respectively.

The haloextremozyme cellulase degraded Whatman No. 1 filter paper indicated in scanning electron micrographs, exposure of open pores and fibers without any intra connectivity corresponding to paperase activity and implicating the possible use of enzyme to bio-convert cellulosic waste. Conclusively, Halomicroarcula pellucida GUMF5 (Accession number: MH244431), globally, is the only Halomicroarcula pellucida isolated from the sediments of Dead Sea producing haloextremozyme cellulase, and hence is an important biotechnological resource.

Functional Comparison of Bioactive Cellulose Materials Incorporating Engineered Binding Proteins

Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper is widely used as a substrate for cellulose-based immunoassays. The immobilized proteins are used to capture target biomarkers for detection. However, alternative paper substrates may facilitate mass production of immunoassays as diagnostic tests. Here, we assessed the physical characteristics and protein immobilization capabilities of different commercial papers.

Some substrates fulfilled our design criteria, including adequate flow rate and sufficient protein immobilization for efficient target capture. This study demonstrates that a variety of paper substrates can be bioactivated and used to capture target biomarkers, enabling development of affordable diagnostic tests from a range of starting materials.

Evaluating performance of multiplex real time PCR for the diagnosis of malaria at elimination targeted low transmission settings of Ethiopia

Background: Malaria incidence has declined in Ethiopia in the past 10 years. Current malaria diagnostic tests, including light microscopy and rapid antigen-detecting diagnostic tests (RDTs) cannot reliably detect low-density infections. Studies have shown that nucleic acid amplification tests are highly sensitive and specific in detecting malaria infection.

This study took place with the aim of evaluating the performance of multiplex real time PCR for the diagnosis of malaria using patient samples collected from health facilities located at malaria elimination targeted low transmission settings in Ethiopia.

Methods: A health facility-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected malaria sentinel sites. Malaria-suspected febrile outpatients referred to laboratory for malaria testing between December 2019 and March 2020 was enrolled into this study. Sociodemographic information and capillary blood samples were collected from the study participants and tested at spot with RDTs.

Additionally, five circles of dry blood spot (DBS) samples on Whatman filter paper and thick and thin smear were prepared for molecular testing and microscopic examination, respectively. Multiplex real time PCR assay was performed at Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) malaria laboratory. The performance of multiplex real time PCR assay, microscopy and RDT for the diagnosis of malaria was compared and evaluated against each other.

Results: Out of 271 blood samples, multiplex real time PCR identified 69 malaria cases as Plasmodium falciparum infection, 16 as Plasmodium vivax and 3 as mixed infections. Of the total samples, light microscopy detected 33 as P. falciparum, 18 as P. vivax, and RDT detected 43 as P. falciparum, 17 as P. vivax, and one mixed infection.

Using light microscopy as reference test, the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex real time PCR were 100% (95% CI (93-100)) and 83.2% (95% CI (77.6-87.9)), respectively. Using multiplex real time PCR as a reference, light microscopy and RDT had sensitivity of 58% (95% CI 46.9-68.4) and 67% (95% CI 56.2-76.7); and 100% (95% CI 98-100) and 98.9% (95% CI 96-99.9), respectively. Substantial level of agreement was reported between microscopy and multiplex real time PCR results with kappa value of 0.65.

Conclusions: Multiplex real-time PCR had an advanced performance in parasite detection and species identification on febrile patients’ samples than did microscopy and RDT in low malaria transmission settings. It is highly sensitive malaria diagnostic method that can be used in malaria elimination programme, particularly for community based epidemiological samples. Although microscopy and RDT had reduced performance when compared to multiplex real time PCR, still had an acceptable performance in diagnosis of malaria cases on patient samples at clinical facilities.

A practical method for storage, preservation and transportation of anuran urine samples using filter paper for hormone analysis

Anurans (frogs and toads) expelled urine when handled and it could provide insights into their physiological status. However, storage, preservation and transportation are often challenging. The study aimed to standardize and validate a field method for short-term storage and preserve of anuran urine samples using Whatman filter papers. To examine the efficacy of storage conditions and type of papers, urinary based enzyme immunoassays were used to measure progesterone and testosterone hormone metabolites.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was performed and revealed immunoreactive progesterone and testosterone metabolites in the urine samples.
Urinary hormone metabolites concentration stored in filter paper at room temperature and control samples stored in -20°C for the same period were similar.
Whatman grade 50 was found to be more suitable for storage of hormones than grade 3 paper for the experiments performed.
A cheap and simple storage method for storage of anuran urine in field conditions using filter papers.•Anuran urine could be preserved and transported under ambient conditions without significant changes and loss of hormones.•This method would facilitate the endocrine monitoring of anurans in remote areas where limited logistics are available.

THERMAL PRINTER PAPER
GD-PAPER	CORNING	1/pk	224.4 EUR
Whatman weighing paper
Z134112-500EA	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK500	35.34 EUR
Paper whatman 1842-090
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Strips Crl Paper Whatman.
3001-964	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	94.62 EUR
Whatman CHR Paper 35x45cm
3030392	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	178.98 EUR
Whatman Weighing Paper 100x100mm
10347893	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK500	58.14 EUR
Whatman pH Paper 1-11x1.0 units Indicator Paper
PAP1010	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	104.88 EUR
Whatman GB005 Blotting Paper 58x58cm
MOL3119	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK25	394.44 EUR
Whatman Blue Litmus Indicator Paper
PAP1022	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	93.48 EUR
Whatman Red Litmus Indicator Paper
PAP1024	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK10	84.36 EUR
Filter Paper Whatman G1 580x680
FIL2044	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	224.58 EUR
Whatman No2 47mm Filter Paper
FIL2051	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	10.26 EUR
Whatman No3 240mm Filter Paper
FIL2079	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	104.88 EUR
Whatman filter paper G52 125MM
FIL2261	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	47.88 EUR
Whatman No 597 110mmFilter Paper
FIL7079	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	13.68 EUR
Whatman Chr Paper 3mm 26x41cm
30306461	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	197.22 EUR
Whatman 3MM Chr Paper 200x200mm
CHR1128	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	74.1 EUR
Whatman 3MM Chr Paper 315x355mm
CHR1130	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	164.16 EUR
Whatman 3MM Chr Paper 460x570mm
CHR1132	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	289.56 EUR
Whatman 3MM Chr Paper 580x680mm
CHR1134	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	442.32 EUR
Whatman No4 Chr Paper 460x570mm
CHR1150	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	249.66 EUR
WHATMAN QUALITATIVE FILTER PAPER DIAM.
WHA1001185	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	28.39 EUR
WHATMAN QUALITATIVE FILTER PAPER DIAM.
WHA1001270	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	56.32 EUR
WHATMAN QUALITATIVE FILTER PAPER DIAM.
WHA1001325	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK100	9.12 EUR
WHATMAN QUALITATIVE FILTER PAPER DIAM.
WHA1001400	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	108.3 EUR
WHATMAN QUALITATIVE FILTER PAPER DIAM.
WHA10016508	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK500	40.36 EUR

cell tracking velocimetry as an economical and portable hematology analyzer

Megan Detergent, RCCS February 12, 2022deoxyhemoglobin abbreviation, deoxyhemoglobin carries oxygen, deoxyhemoglobin color, deoxyhemoglobin curve, deoxyhemoglobin definition, deoxyhemoglobin high, deoxyhemoglobin là gì, deoxyhemoglobin normal range, deoxyhemoglobin structure, deoxyhemoglobin venous, deoxyhemoglobin vs oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin คือ, deoxyhemoglobine, hematology analyzer, hematology definition, hematology impact factor, hematology in spanish, hematology lab, hematology near me, hematology oncology, hematology oncology associates, hematology oncology doctors, hematology oncology doctors near me, hematology oncology near me, hematology oncology specialists, hematology powerpoint, hematology technician, hematology test, hematology university 0 Comment

Anemia and iron deficiency continue to be the most prevalent nutritional disorders in the world, affecting billions of people in both developed and developing countries. The initial diagnosis of anemia is typically based on several markers, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit and total hemoglobin. Using modern hematology analyzers, erythrocyte parameters such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), etc. are also being used.

However, most of these commercially available analyzers pose several disadvantages: they are expensive instruments that require significant bench space and are heavy enough to limit their use to a specific lab and lead to a delay in results, making them less practical as a point-of-care instrument that can be used for swift clinical evaluation. Thus, there is a need for a portable and economical hematology analyzer that can be used at the point of need. In this work, we evaluated the performance of a system referred to as the cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) to measure several hematological parameters from fresh human blood obtained from healthy donors and from sickle cell disease subjects.

Our system, based on the paramagnetic behavior that deoxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin containing RBCs experience when suspended in water after applying a magnetic field, uses a combination of magnets and microfluidics and has the ability to track the movement of thousands of red cells in a short period of time. This allows us to measure not only traditional RBC indices but also novel parameters that are only available for analyzers that assess erythrocytes on a cell by cell basis.

As such, we report, for the first time, the use of our CTV as a hematology analyzer that is able to measure MCV, MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), the percentage of hypochromic cells (which is an indicator of insufficient marrow iron supply that reflects recent iron reduction), and the correlation coefficients between these metrics. Our initial results indicate that most of the parameters measured with CTV are within the normal range for healthy adults. Only the parameters related to the red cell volume (primarily MCV and RDW) were outside the normal range.

We observed significant discrepancies between the MCV measured by our technology (and also by an automated cell counter) and the manual method that calculates MCV through the hematocrit obtained by packed cell volume, which are attributed to the artifacts of plasma trapping and cell shrinkage. While there may be limitations for measuring MCV, this device offers a novel point of care instrument to provide rapid RBC parameters such as iron stores that are otherwise not rapidly available to the clinician. Thus, our CTV is a promising technology with the potential to be employed as an accurate, economical, portable and fast hematology analyzer after applying instrument-specific reference ranges or correction factors. More Details

Preparation of transparent photoluminescence smart window by integration of rare-earth aluminate nanoparticles into recycled polyethylene waste

Novel photoluminescent nanocomposite sheets were prepared for simple commercial manufacturing of transparent and luminous photochromic smart windows. Simple physical integration of lanthanide-doped strontium aluminium oxide (LdSAO) nanoparticles into recycled polyethylene (PE) waste introduced smart nanocomposite with persistent phosphorescence and photochromic properties. Because of the nanoparticle form of LdSAO is significant to develop transparent materials; LdSAO nanoparticles were well-dispersed in the polyethylene matrix. Both morphologies and chemical compositions of LdSAO nanoparticles and LdSAO-containing luminescent polyethylene sheets were investigated.

Both LdSAO-free and photoluminescent polyethylene sheets were colorless in regular daylight. Only LdSAO-containing polyethylene luminescent samples showed a brilliant green color under an UV supply and greenish-yellow color under darkness as verified by CIE Lab parameters. Both absorbance and emission bands were monitored at 377 and 436/517 nm, respectively.

For both photoluminescence spectroscopy and mechanical properties, the LdSAO-containing polyethylene luminescent sheets were compared to the LdSAO-free sample and found to have improved scratch resistance, UV protection, and superhydrophobic activity. Based on the added amount of LdSAO, photoluminescence, decay and lifetime spectral tests showed photochromic fluorescence and long-lasting phosphorescence characteristics. PELdSAO nanocomposite sheets displayed UV protection, photostability, hydrophobicity, excellent durability as compared to the blank LdSAO-free polyethylene sheet.

Financial development during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of coronavirus testing and functional labs

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020, known as COVID-19, spread to more than 200 countries and negatively affected the global economic output. Financial activities were primarily depressed, and investors were reluctant to start new financial investments while ongoing projects further declined due to the global lockdown to curb the disease.

This study analyzes the money supply reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional panel of 115 countries. The study used robust least square regression and innovation accounting techniques to get sound parameter estimates.
The results show that COVID-19 infected cases are the main contributing factor that obstructs financial activities and decrease money supply. In contrast, an increasing number of recovered cases and COVID-19 testing capabilities gave investors confidence to increase stock trade across countries.
The overall forecast trend shows that COVID-19 infected cases and recovered cases followed the U-shaped trend, while COVID-19 critical cases and reported deaths showed a decreasing trend. Finally, the money supply and testing capacity show a positive trend over a period.
The study concludes that financial development can be expanded by increasing the testing capacity and functional labs to identify suspected coronavirus cases globally.

Behavior of nitrogen and sulfur compounds in the rice husk pellet bioscrubber and its circulation water

In this study, pellet-type biofilter media was developed with rice husk and applied in a wet scrubber system for odor removal. The lab-scale bioscrubber system was operated for 200 days to evaluate odorous gas removal (i.e., NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide), and the removal mechanism of odor gases was studied by analyzing the behavior of nitrogen and sulfur compounds in circulation water of bioscrubber system. The rice husk pellets supplied the organic carbon source and phosphoric acid necessary for microbial growth, allowing the system to continue successfully for 200 days without any maintenance technology.

By analyzing the behavior of the nitrogen and sulfur compounds in the circulation water, we confirmed that the odor gas removal resulted from various mechanisms, including adsorption and biodegradation. Ammonia gas was absorbed by the rice husk pellets and accumulated in the circulation water as nitrite under conditions of sufficient alkalinity and above pH 7.

Conversely, when the alkalinity and pH decreased, nitrite was rapidly converted to nitrate. However, H₂S gas was oxidized to sulfate and continuously accumulated in the circulation water regardless of the pH and alkalinity. In addition, it was confirmed that the decrease in nitrate in the bioscrubber system was due to heterotrophic denitrification by the organic carbon source supply and autotrophic denitrification by sulfur gas. During the operation of the rice husk pellet bioscrubber for 8 months, under low solubility condition, more than 99% of NH₃ and H₂S were removed and about 85% of methyl mercaptan (MM) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) were removed.

LAB Antibody
DF10355	Affbiotech	200ul	420 EUR
LAB antibody
70R-2191	Fitzgerald	50 ug	560.4 EUR
LAB Antibody
ABD13143	Lifescience Market	100 ug	525.6 EUR
LAB Blocking Peptide
DF10355-BP	Affbiotech	1mg	234 EUR
LAB Blocking Peptide
33R-6229	Fitzgerald	100 ug	216 EUR
LAB (pY136) Antibody
abx216527-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	526.8 EUR
Ika Lab dancer
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Lab Pen Nalgene
6310-0010	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK12	70.68 EUR
PhotoFlex Lab Station
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NATL/LAB Antibody
3838-100	Biovision	each	379.2 EUR
NATL/LAB Antibody
3838-30T	Biovision	each	175.2 EUR
SLS Lab Pro PURA-Q Lab 20 Type 2
WAT2186	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	6705.48 EUR
Phospho-LAB (Tyr136) Antibody
AF8278	Affbiotech	200ul	540 EUR
Recombinant mouse NTAL / LAB
EXB0010	ExBio	0.1 mg	364.8 EUR
LAB (Phospho-Tyr136) Antibody
12607-100ul	SAB	100ul	302.4 EUR
LAB (Phospho-Tyr136) Antibody
12607-50ul	SAB	50ul	224.4 EUR
LAB (Phospho- Tyr136) Antibody
ABF8278	Lifescience Market	100 ug	525.6 EUR
Bangs Lab Bead Solution
SOLN1-1000	Bangs Laboratories	1000 ML	186.07 EUR
Bangs Lab Bead Solution
SOLN1-2000	Bangs Laboratories	2000 ML	255.24 EUR
Bangs Lab Bead Solution
SOLN1-500	Bangs Laboratories	500 ML	118.21 EUR
Lab Jack 50x40mm Blue
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Lab Jack 100x100mm Blue
JAC1000	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	150.48 EUR
Lab Jack 150x150mm Blue
JAC1004	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	199.5 EUR
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An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties

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Malva parviflora L. is an edible and medicinal herb containing mucilaginous cells in its leaves. Mucilage obtained from M. parviflora leaves (MLM) was extracted in distilled water (1:10 w/v) at 70 °C followed by precipitation with alcohol. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed to assess the purity of the extracted mucilage. Results showed that the yield of mucilage was 7.50%, and it was free from starch, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, lipids and heavy metals. MLM had 16.19% carbohydrates, 13.55% proteins and 4.76% amino acids, which indicate its high nutritional value. Physicochemical investigations showed that MLM is neutral and water-soluble, having 5.84% moisture content, 15.60% ash content, 12.33 swelling index, 2.57 g/g water-holding capacity and 2.03 g/g oil-binding capacity.

The functional properties, including emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity and stability increased with increased concentrations.
Micromeritic properties, such as bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose, were found to be 0.69 g/cm³, 0.84 g/cm³, 17.86%, 1.22 and 28.5, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that MLM is an amorphous powder possessing particles of varying size and shape; meanwhile, rheological studies revealed the pseudoplastic behavior of MLM.
The thermal transition process of MLM revealed by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram, occurring at a reasonable enthalpy change (∆H), reflects its good thermal stability. The presence of functional groups characteristic of polysaccharides was ascertained by the infrared (IR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses.
GC revealed the presence of five neutral monosaccharides; namely, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and mannose, showing 51.09, 10.24, 8.90, 1.80 and 0.90 mg/g of MLM, respectively. Meanwhile, galacturonic acid is the only detected acidic monosaccharide, forming 15.06 mg/g of MLM.
It showed noticeable antioxidant activity against the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical with an IC₅₀ value of 154.27 µg/mL. It also prevented oxidative damage to DNA caused by the Fenton reagent, as visualized in gel documentation system.
The sun protection factor was found to be 10.93 ± 0.15 at 400 µg/mL. Thus, MLM can be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and as a therapeutic agent due to its unique properties.

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Telomere length in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and their age-matched naturally produced counterparts

There are controversial reports on the restoration of eroded telomere length in offspring produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in different animal species. To the best of our knowledge, no earlier studies report the telomere length in naturally produced or cloned animals in any of the camelid species. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate the telomere length in dromedary camels produced by SCNT, the donor cells, and their age-matched naturally produced counterparts by Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) length analysis and real-time Q PCR T/S ratio methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood collected from 6 cloned animals and their age-matched counterparts.

Using the southern blot technique, digested DNA was blotted onto a positively charged nylon membrane, and its hybridization was carried out using telomere (TTAGGG)n specific, DIG-labeled hybridization probe (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) at 42 °C for 4 h. Stringent washes were carried out at the same temperature, followed by a chemiluminescence reaction.

The signals were captured using the Azure Biosystems C600 gel documentation system. A TeloTool program from MATLAB software with a built-in probe intensity correction algorithm was used for TRF analysis. The experiment was replicated three times, and the data, presented as mean ± SEM, were analyzed using a two-sample t-test (MINITAB statistical software, Minitab ltd, CV3 2 TE, UK).

No difference was found in the mean telomere length of cloned camels when compared to their naturally produced age-matched counterparts. However, the telomere length was more (P < 0.05) than that of the somatic cells used for producing the SCNT embryos. A moderate positive Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.6446) was observed between the telomere lengths estimated by TRF and Q PCR T/S ratio method.

In conclusion, this is the first study wherein we are reporting telomere length in naturally produced and cloned dromedary camels produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. We found that telomere lengths in cloned camels were similar to their age-matched naturally produced counterparts, suggesting that the camel cytoplast reprograms the somatic cell nucleus and restores the telomere length to its totipotency stage.

First report of Klebsiella aerogenes Inciting Stem Rot of Pearl Millet in Haryana, India

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Syn. Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] is the oldest and widely cultivated millet in Asian and African countries, mostly grown over low fertile soils in more than 40 countries covering an area of 312.00 lakh hectares (FAOSTAT 2017). In Haryana, crop was grown over an area of 4.30 lakh hectares during Kharif 2019. Pearl millet is prone to many fungal and bacterial diseases. During 2018 to 2020, a new devastating diseas exhibiting stem rot like symptoms was observed in pearl millet growing regions in Indian state of Haryana. The isolated disease causing agent was a bacterium, where 16S rDNA-based nucleotide sequence deposited in NCBI GenBank (Accession nos. MZ433194.1) conferred its nearness to Klebsiella aerogenes (Hormaeche and Edwards 1960) Tindall et al. 2017.

Further, DNA gyrase genomic sequence (NCBI Accession nos. MZ707528.1) also stayed its high homology to K. aerogenes. Klebsiella usually known to cause diseases in humans and animals, and also has been found inciting different kind of rots in different plantations viz. top rot in maize (Huang Min et al. 2016). Pearl millet is susceptible to minor bacterial diseases viz. bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris), bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae) and leaf stripe (P. avenae).

Earlier, among the plant pathogenic bacterial entirety, only Erwinia chrysanthemi is known to cause stem rot diseases in sorghum (Saxena et al. 1991) amongst different types of millet. Extensive disease survey of pearl millet growing regions (Hisar, Bhiwani, Rewari, Mohindergarh and Bawal districts of Haryana having an altitude of 215, 225, 245, 262 and 266 m, respectively) in rainy seasons of 2019 and 2020 revealed the prevalence of typical stem rot disease, representing up to 70% disease incidence in the infected fields. The pieces of symptomatic stem of different plants were collected from two locations (Hisar and Bhiwani) and associated organism was isolated following the techniques of Janse (2005).

The resulting growth of bacterial cultures were further purified on nutrient agar (NA) media using streak plate technique where colony growth of both the isolates were observed as morphotypes. The resulting bacteria were gram-negative and rod-shaped. Colonies were round and creamish white on NA. Isolated morphotypes were positive for indole production, methyl red, Voges Proskauer’s test, citrate utilization, arabinose, mannitol, rhamnose and sucrose, whereas negative for glucose, adonitol, lactose and sorbitol tests.

Biochemical tests were performed following standard methods (Holt et al. 1994). Molecular analysis of both isolates was performed using two sets of primers (universal 16S rRNA gene and genus-specific gyrA gene). The gyrA fragment (F: 5′-CGCGTACTATACGCCATGAACGTA-3′; R: 5′-ACCGTTGATCACTTCGGTCAGG-3′) has been adopted as Klebsiella genus-specific gene (Brisse and Verhoef 2001). The quality and quantity of the isolated genomic DNA were analyzed using NanoDrop-2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and resolved in 1% (w/v) agarose gel. Thereafter, visualized in gel documentation to confirm a single band of high-molecular-weight DNA.

The fragment 16S rDNA was amplified using 27F and 1492R primers, where a single discrete PCR amplicon of 1500 bp was observed in 1% (w/v) agarose gel. Similarly, the gyrA gene was amplified using 09510F and 09510R primers that conferred a single discrete band of 400 bp. The forward and reverse DNA sequencing reaction of purified PCR amplicons (16S rDNA and gyrA) was carried out using BDT v3.1 Cycle sequencing kit on a genetic analyzer to generate gene sequences. The consensus sequences of both gene were generated from forward and reverse sequences data using aligner software. The obtained sequences of both genes were compared with the available nucleotide sequences in the NCBI using the blast 2.2.9 system.

The sequenced PCR amplicons showed up to 100% similarity with Klebsiella aerogenes 16s RNA nucleotide sequences (Accession nos. NR102493.2, MT373521.1; MF682950.1; MF462979.1 etc.). The bacterium also showed high nucleotide homology to K. aerogenes gyrA gene sequences (Accession nos. LR607333.1; CP035466.1; CP049600.1 etc.). The molecular phylogenetic analysis was done by the maximum likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model, and 1000 replicates for bootstrap testing in MEGA 7.0 software. The analysis involved 16 nucleotide sequences and evolutionary distances were computed.

The 16s RNA based phylogenetic tree raised using MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016) elucidates that Klebsiella aerogenes Hisar formed a cluster with three K. aerogenes strains (Accession nos. MZ577128.1, MT373521.1 and MT 373520.1), whereas K. aerogenes Bhiwani displayed higher homology to NCBI sequences viz. MF682950.1, MT355368.1, MW331687.1and LC515412.1. Bacterial suspension was prepared by suspending bacterial cells into sterile water and cell density was adjusted to 1×107 colony forming unit/ml.

For pathogenicity, leaf whorl inoculation (10 ml suspension/ whorl) was done on 15 days old seedlings of pearl millet genotype 7042S raised under controlled conditions (Temperature 35±2°C and more than 80% Relative Humidity). The pathogenicity was proved under field conditions as well.

Initial symptoms were observed 4-5 days after inoculation as long streaks on leaves. Soon a spike in number of these leaf streaks was observed. Thereafter, water-soaked lesions appeared on the stem at 20-25 days after inoculation which later on turned brown to black. Severely diseased plants were dead, exhibiting hollowing of the stem and drying of leaves.

The infected stem pith disintegrated and showed slimy rot symptoms and the pearl millet clumps toppled down. The rotten stems of both inoculations were again cut in to small pieces and the reisolated bacterium showed exactly the same morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stem rot of pearl millet incited by K. aerogenes in south-western regions of Haryana, India. Because the stem rot caused by K. aerogenes poses a significant threat to pearl millet cultivation, further research on biology, epidemiology and management choices is needed.

Mycobacterium porcinum Skin and Soft Tissue Infections After Vaccinations – Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, September 2018-February 2019

During December 2018-February 2019, a multistate investigation identified 101 patients with vaccination-associated adverse events among an estimated 940 persons in Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio who had received influenza; hepatitis A; pneumococcal; or tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines at the workplace during September 11-November 28, 2018. These vaccines had been administered by staff members of a third-party health care company contracted by 24 businesses. Company A provided multiple vaccine types during workplace vaccination events across 54 locations in these adjoining states.

Injection-site wound isolates from patients yielded Mycobacterium porcinum, a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species in the Mycobacterium fortuitum group; subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of all 28 available isolates identified two closely related clusters.

Site visits to company A and interviews with staff members identified inadequate hand hygiene, improper vaccine storage and handling, lack of appropriate medical record documentation, and lack of reporting to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

Vaccination-associated adverse events can be prevented by training health care workers responsible for handling or administering vaccines in safe vaccine handling, administration, and storage practices, timely reporting of any suspected vaccination-associated adverse events to VAERS, and notifying public health authorities of any adverse event clusters.

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cryopreservation techniques as a conservation method of donkey germplasm

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Ejaculates of three male donkeys were used (n= 18; six ejaculates per donkey; six repetitions), collected by the artificial vagina method. To remove the seminal plasma (SP), the ejaculates were split and submitted to filtration or centrifugation methods. To assess the freezing method, each fraction were submitted to the automated system or the conventional system, and groups were formed: automated centrifuge (AC), automated filtrate (AF), conventional centrifuge (CC) and conventional filtrate (CF).

After thawing (37°C/30 s), were analyzed the sperm kinetic parameters, integrity and functionality of the plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential. Highest sperm concentration (P<0.05) was observed in the filtrate groups; the CF group presented lower (P<0.05) progressive motility and curvilinear velocity compared to the other groups; no difference was observed (P>0.05) among the groups for the membrane integrity and functionality, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, centrifugation is the most indicated technique to remove donkey seminal plasma and the automated and conventional freezing methods can be used in donkey semen conservation.

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Nitrogen resource recovery from mature leachate via heat extraction technology: An engineering project application

A large pool of ammonia in mature leachate is challenging to treat with a membrane bioreactor system to meet the discharge Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste in China (GB 16889-2008) without external carbon source addition. In this study, an engineering leachate treatment project with a scale of 2,000 m³/d was operated to evaluate the ammonia heat extraction system (AHES), which contains preheat, decomposition, steam-stripping, ammonia recovery, and centrifuge dewatering.

The operation results showed that NH₃-N concentrations of raw leachate and treated effluent from an ammonia heat extraction system (AHES) were 1,305-2,485 mg/L and 207-541 mg/L, respectively. The ratio of COD/NH₃-N increased from 1.40-1.84 to 7.69-28.00. Nitrogen was recovered in the form of NH₄HCO₃ by the ammonia recovery tower with the introduction of CO₂, wherein the mature leachate can offer 37% CO₂ consumption. The unit consumptions of steam and power were 8.0% and 2.66 kWh/m³ respectively, and the total operation cost of AHES was 2.06 USD per cubic metre of leachate. These results confirm that heat extraction is an efficient and cost-effective technology for the recovery of nitrogen resource from mature leachate.

Field Determination of Phosphate in Environmental Water by Using a Hand-Powered Paper Centrifuge for Preconcentration and Digital Image Colorimetric Sensing

Phosphate concentration in natural water has been used as a water quality indicator, as it is one of the major nutrients for aquatic plants. However, the traditional phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) method has limited sensitivity for visual or camera-based detection, leading to underestimation of the phosphate concentration. We present an ultralow-cost, rapid field preconcentration and digital image colorimetric sensing of low-concentration phosphate method for water analysis. A novel hand-powered paper centrifuge (paperfuge) is used for sample preparation and preconcentration.

This paperfuge is made of two circular paper discs and a string. Six centrifuge tubes (CTs) originally used as glue dispensing tips with a sample capacity of ∼230 μL, are loaded on the paperfuge. After sampling, phosphate in the water sample is reacted to form PMB. Then, the reacted sample is drawn into a CT using an autopipette before the CT bottom is sealed by glue. After Oasis HLB sorbents are added through the top of the CT, the CT top is also sealed with glue.

The HLB sorbents adsorb PMB and are accumulated in the CT tip through centrifugation. The CT tips are cut and analyzed with the ImageJ software. It was found that the blue color intensity of sorbents is in a linear relationship to the phosphate concentration, with a linear range of 0-5 μM (r ² = 0.9921) and limit of detection of 0.19 μM. In addition, this method has been applied to in-field water analysis. The results are in agreement with the standard PMB method.

Simultaneous determination of 36 hypotensive drugs in fingerprints by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole composite linear ion trap mass spectrometry

Fingerprints contain important information such as the ingredients ingested by the donor. By analyzing the characteristic components in fingerprints, the donor can be characterized, which would provide insights for investigation of a given case. This approach can also be used in the qualitative monitoring of drug intake. Therefore, the examination of hypotensive drugs in fingerprints has significant value in practical application. This study established a method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole composite linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TRAP/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 36 hypotensive drugs in fingerprints.

The pre-treatment method was based on protein precipitation. A 3×3 cm filter paper was cut into pieces and placed in a 2 mL plastic centrifuge tube after fingerprint collection. Then, 0.50 mL methanol was added, followed by vortex mixing for 1 min and ultrasonic oscillation for 3 min. The filter paper was centrifuged at 12000 r/min for 5 min, and the supernatant was withdrawn for sample analysis.

An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) was selected, with 0.01% aqueous formic acid and methanol as mobile phases for gradient elution. MS analysis involved scheduled multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (SMRM-IDA-EPI) scanning. This method could be used to retrieve library researching during high-sensitivity analysis, which could increase the accuracy of qualitative results.

The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.05-50.00 ng/fingerprint, with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99 for all 36 analytes. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of the 36 hypotensive drugs were 0.001-0.045 ng/fingerprint and 0.002-0.050 ng/fingerprint, respectively. At spiked levels of 0.25, 2.50, 25.00 ng/fingerprint, the matrix effects, recoveries, intra-day precisions, and inter-day precisions of the 36 hypotensive drugs were 79.0%-119.2%, 79.3%-116.2%, 0.2%-18.3%, and 1.6%-19.1%, respectively.

This method was used to detect hypotensive drugs in the fingerprints of 87 hypertensive patients, and hypotensive drug intakes were accurately detected in most cases. The established method is operationally simple, with high sensitivity and good selectivity, and it is suitable for screening and testing hypotensive drugs in fingerprints.

Pyridine-functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles synthesized via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly: effect of solution pH

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has become widely recognized as a versatile and efficient strategy to prepare complex block copolymer nanoparticles with controlled morphology, size, and surface functionality. In this article, we report the preparation of cationic sterically-stabilized poly(2-vinylpyridine)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (P2VP-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT-mediated PISA under aqueous emulsion polymerization conditions.

It is demonstrated that the solution pH during PISA has a dramatic effect on the resulting P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles, as judged by dynamic light scattering (DLS), disc centrifuge photosedimentometry (DCP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Varying the solution pH results in the P2VP stabilizer having different solubilities due to protonation/deprotonation of the pyridine groups. This allows P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles with tunable diameters to be prepared by altering the DP of the stabilizer (P2VP) and/or core-forming block (PBzMA), or simply by changing the solution pH for a fixed copolymer composition.

For example, P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles with larger diameters can be obtained at higher solution pH as the protonation degree of the P2VP stabilizer has a large effect on both the aggregation of polymer chains during the PISA process, and the resulting behavior of the diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Changing the dispersion pH post-polymerization has a relatively limited effect on particle diameter. Furthermore, aqueous electrophoresis studies indicate that these P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles had good colloidal stability and high cationic charge (>30 mV) below pH 5 and can be dispersed readily over a wide pH range.

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huangjing (Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua) seedling basal rot caused by Fusarium redolens in China

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In April 2020, severe diseases with about 40% seedling losse was found in the Huangjing seedling base in Shiyan city, Hubei province. The symptoms included softening and decay of the roots and stem bases, a progressive yellowing and wilting of leaves, and finally being completely rotted. Small pieces of symptomatic stems (0.5 cm in length) and leaves (0.5 × 0.5 cm in size) were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, and then dried with sterilized absorbent paper.

The sections were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium containing 10 µg/ml of ampicillin and incubated at 25°C in the dark. After 3 days incubation, eight isolates with the same colony morphology were sub-cultured and purified by hyphal tip isolation. Macroconidia were sickle-shaped, 15.8 – 32.3 × 3.1 – 5.6 μm (n = 25), and three to five septate.

Microconidia were oval or kidney-shaped, 5.2 – 11.4 × 2.0 – 3.2 μm (n = 25), and zero to one septate. To confirm the identity of the pathogen, molecular identification was performed with strain HJCD1. Following DNA extraction, PCR was performed using the TSINGKE 2×T5 Direct PCR Mix kit. Target areas of amplification were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α) using ITS1/4 (White et al. 1990) , EF1/EF2 (Taylor et al. 2016), respectively.

Following BLAST searches and phylogenetic reconstruction, the ITS region (GenBank MW485770.1) showed 99% identity with those of Fusarium redolens in GenBank (KU350713.1) and the TEF-1α (GenBank MW503930.1) showed 100% identity with F. redolens GenBank (MK922537.1). Pathogenicity tests were performed to fulfill Koch’s postulates. Huangjing seedlings were rinsed with sterile water, wiped clean with sterile absorbent paper, and transferred to a tray covered with wet filter paper to maintain high humidity.

The mycelial piugs of F. redolens HJCD1 were inoculated onto the surface of leaves and basal stems. Controls were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. The inoculated seedlings were sealed with plastic wrap, and then cultivated in a 25 ℃ growth chamber with 16 h of light per day. The pathogen-inoculated plants exhibited etiolation and typical wilt symptoms after 4 days, whereas no symptoms were observed in the control plants. F. redolens was reisolated from the infected tissues, and colony morphology and ITS sequence of re-isolates were same as that of HJCD1. The pathogen has been reported previously in american ginseng in China (Fan et al. 2021), lentil in Pakistan (Rafique et al. 2020), and wild rocket in United Kingdom (Taylor et al. 2019).

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However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. redolent causing seelding basal rot on Duohua huangjing in China. References: White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Taylor, A., et al. 2016. Mol. Plant Pathol. 17:1032. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12346 Fan, S. H., et al. 2021. Plant Dis. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2519-PDN Rafique, K., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 9:104. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2519-PDN Taylor, A., et al. 2019. Plant Dis.6:103.

PDN Funding: Science Funds for Young Scholar of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science (grant no. 2020NKYJJ20), National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System (grant no. CARS-21), Technology R&D Program of Enshi (grant no. D20190015), Science Funds for Young Scholar of Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (grant no. 2019ZYCJJ03), Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crops of Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China / Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control (grant no.2020ZTSJJ6).

First report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI Causing Stem Canker on Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) in China

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an ideal functional food source, which is well known to be gluten-free and rich in proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids of various pharmaceutical uses, such as rutin, quercitin and epicatechin (Zhou, M et al. 2018). The Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGIII causing severe canker disease was first isolated from common buckwheat (F. esculentum) in Inner Mongolia of China (Zhou, H et al. 2015).

In 2018, sunken lesion and dark brown symptoms were observed on the root and stem of ten days old Tartary buckwheat in Liangshan (28°21’N, 103°19”E), Sichuan Province and Fenghuang (28°19′ N, 109°48′ E), Hunan Province in China. In the beginning, water-soaked spots appeared on the stem base, where gradually became rotten and necrotic, finally resulting in the damping-off and death of buckwheat seedlings.

This disease had over 40% incidence and lead to serious losses to the buckwheat production in 2018. To isolate the pathogens on Tartary buckwheat, ten plants with typical symptoms were collected from each location.

The infected tissue was taken and cut into 3mm pieces from the margin between healthy and diseased tissue, surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 4 min, washed three times with sterile distilled water, dried on sterilized filter paper and then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with 100 mg/ml streptomycin sulfate. After incubation at 28℃ in the dark for 2 days, mycelial tips of four fungal cultures were transferred to PDA plates for purification. Initially, colonies were pale white, and then turned brown after 2 days of incubation.

The mycelium was hairy and concentrically whorled in the culture medium. Microscopic observation showed that the hyphae characteristically branched at right angles and had constriction at the base of hyphal branches. Nuclear staining showed that the hyphae cells were multinuclear. These morphological features revealed that the isolates belonged to R. solani (Sneh et al. 1991). Subsequently, the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of one isolate was amplified by PCR (White et al. 1990) and sequenced (GeneBank accession no. MT078642) by Shanghai Majorbio Bio-pharm Technology Co.,Ltd. DNA was extracted by Fungal genomic DNA Extraction Kit, D3390-02, OMEGA. The BLAST similarity analysis showed a 99.96% match with R. solani AG-4 HGI (GenBank accession no. JQ343830) and 99.85% identity to R. solani AG-4 HGI isolate SX-8 (GenBank accession no. KJ170346) (Suli, Sun et al. 2015).

Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis performed by the neighbour-joining method (MEGA 7 software) showed that the isolate was clearly clustered with the group of R. solani AG-4 HGI (Ireland et al. 2015). Pathogenicity was tested in the greenhouse condition to satisfy Koch’s postulates. Tartary buckwheat plants of seven days old and fifty days old were respectively inoculated near the base of the stem neck with one mycelial plug contacted directly.

Ten plants in a pot were inoculated as one treatment, four pots were used for replicates. Control plants were inoculated with PDA medium plugs without fungi. All the plants were kept at 26℃ with 14 h light, 10 h dark and 96% humidity.

After five days (Suli, Sun et al. 2015), over 90% of the inoculated plants exhibited necrotic brown lesions on stems that was similar to those symptoms observed in the field, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. The visible characteristics and ITS sequence of the pathogen re-isolated from symptomatic plants were in accordance with the original isolate (R. solani AG-4 HGI).

Based on disease symptoms in the fields, morphological characteristics, ITS sequence analysis, and pathogenicity assay, we concluded that R. solani AG-4 HGI was the principle cause of Tartary buckwheat blight in Liangshan, Sichuan Province and Fenghuang, Hunan Province in China. Previously, R. solani AG-4 HGI has been identified as a Chinese chive pathogen (Shi, Y et al. 2017). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI affecting Tartary Buckwheat in China. This finding is helpful for the early diagnosis and identification of the disease, which will be the guiding of effective control methods to the devastating disease at the early stage.

Phytophthora cactorum as a Pathogen Associated with Root Rot on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in China

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the largest grown pasture crop in China due to its economic and ecological importance. During the summer season from June to August in 2018, stunted plants was frequently observed in alfalfa fields that have been established for two years in Jinchang, Gansu Province. The disease incidence of root rot ranged from 40% to 50%. Taproots of stunted plants showed red-brown to dark brown discolorations, and lateral roots were poorly developed. Shoots wilted with rotted taproots and lateral roots in severely affected plants.

Twenty symptomatic plants were collected and transported to the laboratory for pathogen isolations. Roots were washed under running tap water, cut into 2 to 3 mm pieces (40 pieces each plant), and then sterilized in 75% ethanol for 2 mins followed by three times washing with autoclaved distilled water. Surface dried pieces on autoclaved filter papers were put onto water agar and also a Phytophthora selective medium P5ARP(H) (Jeffers and Martin 1986). The plates were incubated at 22°C for 3 to 5 days and then the growing hypha were subcultured onto potato dextrose agar (PDA).

Thirty-two Phytophthora-like isolates were obtained and showed similar morphologies on PDA. Five isolates picked randomly were purified by single-hyphal-tip and plugs (4 to 5 mm) from PDA cultures were incubated in petri dishes with autoclaved distilled water at 22°C for 5 days. Sporangia, chlamydospores and oospores were examined. Sporangia were usually ovoid and sometimes appeared ellipsoid, with the length of 30.5-39.1 μm and width of 23.4-27.8 μm.

The diameter of chlamydospores was 29.6 to 42.5μm. Oospores had a diameter of 23.6 to 30.2 μm. The isolates were tentatively identified as P. cactorum based on these morphology characteristics (Montealegre et al. 2016). DNA of these isolates were extracted and PCR amplifications of the rDNA ITS region and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (Cox I) (Kroon et al. 2004) were conducted. Sequences of these isolates were then compared with reference sequences in GenBank using BLAST search.

The 866-bp ITS sequences had a sequence identity of 99% to 100% with P. cactorum (e.g. accession nos. EU662221, KJ128036). In addition, the 663-bp CoxI sequences showed 100% sequence identity with three P. cactorum isolates (accession nos. AB688156, HQ708234, EU660851). The ITS and CoxI sequences of one representative isolate Phy.c2 have been deposited in GenBank with the accession no. MT280033 and MT344138, respectively.

Pathogenicity of the five isolates (Phy.c1-Phy.c5) were determined on two-week-old alfalfa seedlings (cv. Longdong) grown from seeds. Inoculums were prepared by subculturing agar plugs from edges of PDA cultures into the flask with autoclaved millet seeds, and incubated at 22°C in darkness for two weeks and shaken by hand every two days to ensure uniform colonization. Seedlings were transplanted into pots (12 cm x 12 cm) filled with autoclaved potting mix infested with millet-seed inoculum of each isolate at a rate of 0.5% (w/w). Control seedlings for comparison were transplanted into pots with uninfested potting mix.

There were five seedlings per pot and twelve replicate pots for both inoculated and noninoculated treatments, and pots were kept under controlled environment room (22°C, 12 h photoperiod and 65% relative humidity) that were watered every two days to free draining. 87%~92% of the inoculated plants showed stunted symptoms with poorly developed and brown-discoloured roots three weeks after inoculation while the control plants were healthy with no root disease symptoms.

Phytophthora spp. has been reported causing root rot on alfalfa in America, Australia and Canada, and other legumes such as chickpea, and many other crops worldwide (Musial et al. 2005; Tan and Tan 1986; Vandemark and Barker 2003), and P. cactorum was reported as a root rot pathogen on lavender in China (Chen et al. 2017). P. cactorum may be a significant pathogen associated with root rot in major commercial alfalfa-producing areas in China where are based on flood-irrigation during the growth season.

To fulfill Koch’s postulates, re-isolated cultures from discoloured root tissues were confirmed as the inoculated isolates by morphological examination and ITS sequencing. The five-purified isolates were submitted to the Grassland Culture Collection Center, Lanzhou University, with the accession nos. LZU-MsR-Phy.c1-Phy.c5. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cactorum as a pathogen of root rot on alfalfa in China.

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kinetics in microtiter plates for improved surface assay quantitation and multiplexing capabilities

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MTPs provide many advantages but are often detrimental to surface assay efficiency due to inherent mass transport limitations. Microscale flows can overcome these and largely improve assay kinetics. However, the disruptive nature of microfluidics with existing labware and protocols has narrowed its transformative potential. We present WellProbe, a novel microfluidic concept compatible with MTPs.

With it, we show that immunoassays become more sensitive at low concentrations (up to 9× signal improvement in 12x less time), richer in information with 3-4 different kinetic conditions, and can be used to estimate kinetic parameters, minimize washing steps and non-specific binding, and identify compromised results. We further multiplex single-well assays combining WellProbe’s kinetic regions with tailored microarrays. Finally, we demonstrate our system in a context of immunoglobulin subclass evaluation, increasingly regarded as clinically relevant.

Automation for Life Science Laboratories

The automation of processes in all areas of the life sciences will continue to increase in the coming years due to an ever increasing number of samples to be processed, an increasing need to protect laboratory personnel from infectious material and increasing cost pressure. Depending on the requirements of the respective application, different concepts for automation systems are available, which have a different degree of automation with regard to data handling, transportation tasks, and the processing of the samples.
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Robots form a central component of these automation concepts. Classic stationary robots from the industrial sector will increasingly be replaced by new developments in the field of light-weight robots.
In addition, mobile robots will also be of particular importance in the automation of life science laboratories in the future, especially for transportation tasks between different manual and (partially) automated stations.
With an increasing number of different, highly diverse processes, the need for special devices and system components will also increase.
This applies to both, the handling of the labware and the processing of the samples. In contrast to previous automation strategies with a highly parallel approach, future developments will increasingly be characterized by individual sample handling.

Fluorescence-based Single-cell Analysis of Whole-mount-stained and Cleared Microtissues and Organoids for High Throughput Screening

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, especially in the form of organ-like microtissues (“organoids”), has emerged as a novel tool potentially mimicking human tissue biology more closely than standard two-dimensional culture. Typically, tissue sectioning is the standard method for immunohistochemical analysis. However, it removes cells from their native niche and can result in the loss of 3D context during analyses.

Automated workflows require parallel processing and analysis of hundreds to thousands of samples, and sectioning is mechanically complex, time-intensive, and thus less suited for automated workflows.
Here, we present a simple protocol for combined whole-mount immunostaining, tissue-clearing, and optical analysis of large-scale (approx. 1 mm) 3D tissues with single-cell level resolution.
While the protocol can be performed manually, it was specifically designed to be compatible with high-throughput applications and automated liquid handling systems.
This approach is freely scalable and allows parallel automated processing of large sample numbers in standard labware.
We have successfully applied the protocol to human mid- and forebrain organoids, but, in principle, the workflow is suitable for a variety of 3D tissue samples to facilitate the phenotypic discovery of cellular behaviors in 3D cell culture-based high-throughput screens.
Graphic abstract: Automatable organoid clearing and high-content analysis workflow and timeline.

Gold-Polyoxoborates Nanocomposite Prohibits Adsorption of Bacteriophages on Inner Surfaces of Polypropylene Labware and Protects Samples from Bacterial and Yeast Infections

Bacteriophages (phages) are a specific type of viruses that infect bacteria. Because of growing antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains, phage-based therapies are becoming more and more attractive. The critical problem is the storage of bacteriophages. Recently, it was found that bacteriophages might adsorb on the surfaces of plastic containers, effectively decreasing the titer of phage suspensions.

Here, we showed that a BOA nanocomposite (gold nanoparticles embedded in polyoxoborate matrix) deposited onto the inner walls of the containers stabilizes phage suspensions against uncontrolled adsorption and titer decrease. Additionally, BOA provides antibacterial and antifungal protection. The application of BOA assures safe and sterile means for the storage of bacteriophages.

Adsorption of bacteriophages on polypropylene labware affects the reproducibility of phage research

Hydrophobicity is one of the most critical factors governing the adsorption of molecules and objects, such as virions, on surfaces. Even moderate change of wetting angle of plastic surfaces causes a drastic decrease ranging from 2 to 5 logs of the viruses (e.g., T4 phage) in the suspension due to adsorption on polymer vials’ walls.

The effect varies immensely in seemingly identical containers but purchased from different vendors. Comparison of glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene containers revealed a threshold in the wetting angle of around 95°: virions adsorb on the surface of more hydrophobic containers, while in more hydrophilic vials, phage suspensions are stable.
The polypropylene surface of the Eppendorf-type and Falcon-type can accommodate from around 10⁸ PFU/ml to around 10¹⁰ PFU/ml from the suspension.
The adsorption onto the container’s wall might result in complete scavenging of virions from the bulk. We developed two methods to overcome this issue.
The addition of surfactant Tween20 and/or plasma treatment provides a remedy by modulating surface wettability and inhibiting virions’ adsorption.
Plastic containers are essential consumables in the daily use of many bio-laboratories.
Thus, this is important not only for phage-related research (e.g., the use of phage therapies as an alternative for antibiotics) but also for data comparison and reproducibility in the field of biochemistry and virology.

Resonant acoustic rheometry for non-contact characterization of viscoelastic biomaterials

Resonant Acoustic Rheometry (RAR) is a new, non-contact technique to characterize the mechanical properties of soft and viscoelastic biomaterials, such as hydrogels, that are used to mimic the extracellular matrix in tissue engineering. RAR uses a focused ultrasound pulse to generate a microscale perturbation at the sample surface and tracks the ensuing surface wave using pulse-echo ultrasound. The frequency spectrum of the resonant surface waves is analyzed to extract viscoelastic material properties.

In this study, RAR was used to characterize fibrin, gelatin, and agarose hydrogels. Single time point measurements of gelled samples with static mechanical properties showed that RAR provided consistent quantitative data and measured intrinsic material characteristics independent of ultrasound parameters. RAR was also used to longitudinally track dynamic changes in viscoelastic properties over the course of fibrin gelation, revealing distinct phase and material property transitions.

The application of RAR was verified using finite element modeling and the results were validated against rotational shear rheometry. Importantly, RAR circumvents some limitations of conventional rheology methods and can be performed in a high-throughput manner using conventional labware. Overall, these studies demonstrate that RAR can be a valuable tool to noninvasively quantify the viscoelastic mechanical properties of soft hydrogel biomaterials.

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Nano-Energy Nano-System (NENS) for Next-Generation Healthcare Applications

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A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on textiles can be an optimal option for scavenging low-frequency and irregular waste energy from body motions as a power source for self-sustainable systems. However, the low output of most textile-based TENGs (T-TENGs) has hindered its way toward practical applications. In this work, a facile and universal strategy to enhance the triboelectric output is proposed by integration of a narrow-gap TENG textile with a high-voltage diode and a textile-based switch.

The closed-loop current of the diode-enhanced textile-based TENG (D-T-TENG) can be increased by 25 times. The soft, flexible, and thin characteristics of the D-T-TENG enable a moderate output even as it is randomly scrunched. Furthermore, the enhanced current can directly stimulate rat muscle and nerve. In addition, the capability of the D-T-TENG as a practical power source for wearable sensors is demonstrated by powering Bluetooth sensors embedded to clothes for humidity and temperature sensing. Looking forward, the D-T-TENG renders an effective approach toward a self-sustainable wearable textile nano-energy nano-system for next-generation healthcare applications.

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Temperature and Humidity Calibration of a Low-Cost Wireless Dust Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring

This paper introduces the design, calibration, and validation of a low-cost portable sensor for the real-time measurement of dust particles within the environment. The proposed design consists of low hardware cost and calibration based on temperature and humidity sensing to achieve accurate processing of airborne dust density.

Using commercial particulate matter sensors, a highly accurate air quality monitoring sensor was designed and calibrated using real world variations in humidity and temperature for indoor and outdoor applications.
Furthermore, to provide a low-cost secure solution for real-time data transfer and monitoring, an onboard Bluetooth module with AES data encryption protocol was implemented.
The wireless sensor was tested against a Dylos DC1100 Pro Air Quality Monitor, as well as an Alphasense OPC-N2 optical air quality monitoring sensor for accuracy. The sensor was also tested for reliability by comparing the sensor to an exact copy of itself under indoor and outdoor conditions.
It was found that accurate measurements under real-world humid and temperature varying and dynamically changing conditions were achievable using the proposed sensor when compared to the commercially available sensors.
In addition to accurate and reliable sensing, this sensor was designed to be wearable and perform real-time data collection and transmission, making it easy to collect and analyze data for air quality monitoring and real-time feedback in remote health monitoring applications.
Thus, the proposed device achieves high-quality measurements at lower-cost solutions than commercially available wireless sensors for air quality.

A Low-Cost, Standalone, and Multi-Tasking Watch for Personalized Environmental Monitoring.

A novel hardware approach with four physical layers and several integrated and add-on sensors for a comprehensive physical and chemical environmental parameter (toxic gases, sound level, air pressure, humidity, temperature, and motion tracking) monitoring is introduced in this paper. To provide flexibility, the system is modular and each sensor functions independently. The whole solution is small, compact, light, and wrist worn. It is working in low power consumption mode and operates for several hours.

The device has two layers to implement the sensors and one layer for a warning system driver to enable the vibrating motor and beeper in emergency status. The forth layer is the hardware flex interface that is connected to the display and sound module and provides the possibility of the hardware extension for further development. The gas sensor node includes the sensor attached to the driver (located at the top) and is replaceable with other target gas sensors from the same family. The warning system is located at the bottom of the proposed device.

The sampled data from the sensors are monitored in real time via the display and are sent to an Android smartphone for permanent storage via Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) 4.1. Consequently, these data will be directed to a cloud for further medical analyses. Power consumption, results, device efficiency, and packet protocol justification are evaluated in this paper.

Performance Evaluation of Energy-Autonomous Sensors Using Power-Harvesting Beacons for Environmental Monitoring in Internet of Things (IoT)

Environmental conditions and air quality monitoring have become crucial today due to the undeniable changes of the climate and accelerated urbanization. To efficiently monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and the levels of pollutants, such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air, and to collect data covering vast geographical areas, the development of cheap energy-autonomous sensors for large scale deployment and fine-grained data acquisition is required.

Rapid advances in electronics and communication technologies along with the emergence of paradigms such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have led to the development of low-cost sensor devices that can operate unattended for long periods of time and communicate using wired or wireless connections through the Internet.

We investigate the energy efficiency of an environmental monitoring system based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons that operate in the IoT environment. The beacons developed measure the temperature, the relative humidity, the light intensity, and the CO₂ and VOC levels in the air. Based on our analysis we have developed efficient sleep scheduling algorithms that allow the sensor nodes developed to operate autonomously without requiring the replacement of the power supply.

The experimental results show that low-power sensors communicating using BLE technology can operate autonomously (from the energy perspective) in applications that monitor the environment or the air quality in indoor or outdoor settings.

Spatio-Temporal Optimization of Perishable Goods’ Shelf Life by a Pro-Active WSN-Based Architecture

The waste in the perishable goods supply-chain has prompted many global organizations (e.g., FAO and WHO), to develop the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) protocol that ensures a high degree of food quality, minimizing the losses in all the stages of the farm-to-fork chain. It has been proven that good warehouse management practices improve the average life of perishable goods. The advances in wireless sensors network (WSN) technology offers the possibility of a “smart” storage organization. In this paper, a low cost reprogrammable WSN-based architecture for functional warehouse management is proposed. The management is based on the continuous monitoring of environmental parameters (i.e., temperature, light exposure and relative humidity), and on their combination to extract a spatial real-time prediction of the product shelf life. For each product, the quality decay is computed by using a 1st order kinetic Arrhenius model to the whole storage site area. It strives to identify, in a way compatible with the other products’ shelf lives, the position within the warehouse that maximizes the food expiration date.

The shelf life computing and the “first-expired first-out” logistic problem are entrusted to a Raspberry Pi-based central unit, which manages a set of automated pallet transporters for the displacement of products, according to the computed shelf lives. The management unit supports several commercial light/temperature/humidity sensor solutions, implementing ZigBee, Bluetooth and HTTP-request interfaces. A proof of concept of the presented pro-active WSN-based architecture is also shown.

Comparing the proposed monitoring system for the storage of e.g., agricultural products, with a typical one, the experimental results show an improvement of the expected expiration date of about 1.2 ± 0.5 days, for each pallet, when placed in a non-refrigerated environment. In order to stress the versatility of the WSN solution, a section is dedicated to the implemented system user interfaces that highlight detecting critical situations and allow timely automatic or human interventions, minimizing the latter.

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UFGD develops detergent that eliminates the larvae of the dengue mosquito

Megan Detergent August 6, 2020August 6, 2020 0 Comment

A group of researchers from the Federal University of Grande Dourados, coordinated by Professor Dr. Alexeia Barufatti, are developing a detergent made from the liquid of the cashew nutshell, which in contact with water, eliminates the dengue mosquito larvae. This research is funded by PPSUS through Fundect.

According to Alexeia, the group’s work began in 2015 when the first experiments were carried out with the liquid extracted during the roasting of the cashew nut. The research group is formed by students of scientific initiation, master’s, doctorate, post-doctoral students, in addition to professors from UFGD, UFMS, and UNIFESP.

According to the biologist and postdoctoral fellow at UFGD, Bruno Amaral Crispim, the idea is that the compound is used as a normal detergent in domestic activities and that it would indirectly fulfill the objective of eliminating the larvae of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito.

From the cashew nut oil, we made chemical changes that made this product a detergent, which after tests of the larvicidal effect, proved its effectiveness in combating mosquito larvae. We also carry out tests of environmental effect where we verify that this product when reaching rivers and streams presents little or no toxicity in non-target organisms such as algae, fish, and crustaceans.

According to Bruno, the next steps in the project are safety tests for human health and afterward, after the product’s total effectiveness has been proven, make the companies that produce detergents “buy the idea” and start using this compound in their products. products.

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